Transition probability due to a conical intersection: On the role of the initial conditions and of the geometric setup of the crossing surfaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ferretti ◽  
Alessandro Lami ◽  
Giovanni Villani
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Conical Intersection

Reassessment of transient permeability measurement for tight rocks: The role of boundary and initial conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 104173
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Zhiguo Tian ◽  
Steffen Nolte ◽  
Alexandra Amann-Hildenbrand ◽  
Bernhard M. Krooss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Permeability Measurement ◽  
Tight Rocks

scholarly journals The role of masks in reducing the risk of new waves of COVID-19 in low transmission settings: a modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M Stuart ◽  
Romesh G Abeysuriya ◽  
Cliff C Kerr ◽  
Dina Mistry ◽  
Daniel J Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Community Transmission

Objectives: To evaluate the risk of a new wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a setting with ongoing low transmission, high mobility, and an effective test-and-trace system, under different assumptions about mask uptake. Design: We used a stochastic agent-based microsimulation model to create multiple simulations of possible epidemic trajectories that could eventuate over a five-week period following prolonged low levels of community transmission. Setting: We calibrated the model to the epidemiological and policy environment in New South Wales, Australia, at the end of August 2020. Participants: None Intervention: From September 1, 2020, we ran the stochastic model with the same initial conditions (i.e., those prevailing at August 31, 2020), and analyzed the outputs of the model to determine the probability of exceeding a given number of new diagnoses and active cases within five weeks, under three assumptions about future mask usage: a baseline scenario of 30% uptake, a scenario assuming no mask usage, and a scenario assuming mandatory mask usage with near-universal uptake (95%). Main outcome measure: Probability of exceeding a given number of new diagnoses and active cases within five weeks. Results: The policy environment at the end of August is sufficient to slow the rate of epidemic growth, but may not stop the epidemic from growing: we estimate a 20% chance that NSW will be diagnosing at least 50 new cases per day within five weeks from the date of this analysis. Mandatory mask usage would reduce this to 6-9%. Conclusions: Mandating the use of masks in community settings would significantly reduce the risk of epidemic resurgence.

Habit Formation in Tourism Traveling

2020 ◽  
pp. 004728752096459
Author(s):  
David Boto-García
Keyword(s):  
Habit Formation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Individual Participation

This article conducts a microeconometric analysis of individual participation in tourism activities. We examine the existence of habit formation in the form of state dependence by which past trips increase the taste for traveling. We also study the role of regional unemployment rates, regional price indexes, and climate conditions at origin on the likelihood of tourism participation. Individual and household characteristics are also controlled for. We use monthly longitudinal microdata for Spain between 2015 and 2018 involving more than 92,000 individuals. We estimate static and dynamic random effects Probit models finding evidence of habit formation. The initial conditions and participation in the previous month raise the propensity to make a tourist trip in the following period by 28 percentage points. Habit formation is found to be strongly associated with income and education.

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