Dynamic measurement of gas temperature and pressure using infrared spectroscopy

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berman ◽  
P. Duggan ◽  
M. P. LeFlohic ◽  
A. D. May ◽  
J. R. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

scholarly journals Analysis of Internal Gas Leaks in an MCFC System Package for an LNG-Fueled Ship

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2330
Author(s):  
Gilltae Roh ◽  
Youngseung Na ◽  
Jun-Young Park ◽  
Hansung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The airflow inside the housing of a 300-kW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system is designed to ensure safety in case of a gas leak by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. In particular, gas accumulating zones are identified to prevent damage to vulnerable components from high temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the location of the alarm unit with the gas-leak detector is recommended for construction of safe MCFC ships. In order to achieve this, a flow-tracking and contour field (for gas, temperature, and pressure) including a fuel-cell stack module, balance-of-plant, and various pipes is developed. With the simulated flow field, temperature flow is interpreted for the heating conditions of each component or pipe in order to find out where the temperature is concentrated inside the fuel cell system, as well as the increase in temperature at the exit. In addition, the gas leakage from the valves is investigated by using a flow simulation to analyze the gas and pressure distribution inside the fuel cell system.

scholarly journals The effects of exchange gas temperature and pressure on the beta-layering process in solid deuterium-tritium fusion fuel

1990 ◽  
Vol 165-166 ◽  
pp. 163-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Hoffer ◽  
Larry R. Foreman ◽  
John D. Simpson ◽  
Ted R. Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Solid Deuterium ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The Prediction of Laminar Flame Speeds for Weak Mixtures

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kretschmer ◽  
J. Odgers
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Laminar Flames ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Flame Extinction ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Stirred Reactors

In a recent publication [3], the authors tentatively explored the prediction of propane flame speeds using the calculated burned gas temperature (Tb) and the predicted flame extinction temperature (Ti). A formula was developed which utilised the above temperatures together with correction factors for inlet temperature and the oxygen/inert ratio. The present paper has extended this technique so that data from 20 different fuels have been examined over a range of conditions which include significant variations of both inlet temperature and pressure. Limitations of the technique are discussed, as are possible related applications to other premixed systems such as laminar flames and well-stirred reactors.

Dissolution and Regeneration of Reed Leaf Fibers in Imidazole-Based Ionic Liquids

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1539-1542
Author(s):  
Hou Jie Zhao ◽  
Chun Yan Wei ◽  
Yong Zhu Cui ◽  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

In this paper, regeneration of reed leaf fibers that have been degummed pretreatment in high temperature and pressure dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids was studied. The samples containing 5% or 10%(wt/wt)reed leaf fibers in the ionic liquids, at 90°C for 7h.The dissolution process was viewed by polarizing microscope. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction were used to visualize the crystalline of reed leaf fiber transformed completely from cellulose I to cellulose Ⅱ after regenerated directly from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solution.

scholarly journals A Review Paper on Simulation and Modeling of Combustion Characteristics under High Ambient and High Injection of Biodiesel Combustion

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 580-584
Author(s):  
Adiba Rhaodah Andsaler ◽  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Him Ramsy ◽  
Norrizam Jaat
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
High Injection ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.

scholarly journals Operando Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Gas-processing Metalloenzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Timo Stripp
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Earth-abundant transition metals like iron, nickel, copper, molybdenum, and vanadium have been identified as essential constituents of the cellular gas metabolism in all kingdoms of life. Associated with biological macromolecules, gas-processing metalloenzymes (GPMs) are formed that catalyse a variety of redox reactions. This includes the reduction of O2 to water by cytochrome c oxidase (‘complex IV’), the reduction of N2 to NH4 by nitrogenase, as well as the reduction of protons to H2 (and oxidation of the later) by hydrogenase. GPMs perform at ambient temperature and pressure, in the presence of water, and often extremely low educt concentrations, thus serving as natural examples for efficient catalysis. Facilitating the design of biomimetic catalysts, biophysicist thrive to understand the reaction principles of GPMs making use of various techniques. In this perspective, I will introduce Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection configuration (ATR FTIR) for the analysis of GPMs like cytochrome c oxidase, nitrogenase, and hydrogenase. Infrared spectroscopy provides information about the geometry and redox state of the catalytic cofactors, the protonation state of amino acid residues, the hydrogen-bonding network, and protein structural changes. I developed an approach to probe and trigger the reaction of GPMs by gas exchange experiments, exploring the reactivity of these enzymes with their natural reactants. This allows recording sensitive ATR FTIR difference spectra with seconds time resolution. Finally yet importantly, infrared spectroscopy is an electronically non-invasive technique that allows investigating protein samples under biologically relevant conditions, i.e., at ambient temperature and pressure, and in the presence of water.

scholarly journals Analisa Waktu Operasi Terhadap Temperatur dan Tekanan pada Mesin Diesel

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nasmi Herlina Sari ◽  
Suteja Suteja ◽  
Yudi Ahmad Efendi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Temperature Side

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa temperatur, dan tekanan pada setiap komponen mesin Mesin diesel Sulzer 16 ZAV 40S selama beroperasi 8 jam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Iradat Aman Sektor Pringgabaya Lombok. Engine Control Panel (ECP) dan Generator Control Panel (GCP) telah digunakan untuk menentukan nilai dari tekanan, dan temperatur berdasarkan sensor yang telah dipasang pada komponen mesin. Pengukuran temperatur dan tekanan dilakukan setiap jam selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa setelah mesin beroperasi selama 4 jam sampai 7 jam; temperatur stator, temperatur gas buang, temperature silinder sisi A dan silider sisi B mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dikarenakan kebocoran pada silinder A dan B. Sedangkan tekanan pada mesin masih normal dan tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. This study aims to analyze the temperature and pressure of each component of the Sulzer 16 ZAV 40S diesel engine for 8 hours of operation. This research was conducted at PT. Iradat Aman Sector Pringga Baya Lombok. The Engine Control Panel (ECP) and Generator Control Panel (GCP) have been used to determine the value of pressure and temperature based on sensors that have been installed on engine components. Temperature and pressure measurements were carried out every hour for 8 hours. The results showed that after the machine operated for 4 hours to 7 hours; stator temperature, exhaust gas temperature, cylinder temperature side A and side cylinder B experienced a significant decrease due to leaks in cylinders A and B. On the other hand, the pressure on the engine was still normal and did not experience a significant change.

scholarly journals АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ИСТИННОЙ УДЕЛЬНОЙ ИЗОБАРНОЙ ТЕПЛОЁМКОСТИ КОМПОНЕНТ ВОЗДУХА И ПРОДУКТОВ СГОРАНИЯ С УЧЁТОМ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ И ДАВЛЕНИЯ И ЭФФЕКТА ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ДИССОЦИАЦИИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Майя Владимировна Амброжевич ◽  
Михаил Анатольевич Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Isobaric Heat Capacity ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The basic thermophysical parameter of the working fluid of all thermal machines without exception is isobaric heat capacity (specific heat at constant pressure). Traditionally, in engineering calculations of isobaric heat capacity are determined as a tabular value for average heat capacities, or approximated with a square parabola within a given temperature range. Isobaric heat capacity is a function of temperature only. At the current level of GTE development, when the overall compressor pressure ratio is already up to 50 and the tendency of its increase remains it is unacceptable to neglect the pressure. However, the turbine inlet gas temperature also rises that will inevitably lead to the effect of thermal dissociation in the combustion products of the gas turbine engine. The studies of the thermal dissociation effect influence on the parameters of the working process of advanced GTE show that this ignoring leads to computational errors. At the present time, there are mathematical models that allow calculating the isobaric heat capacity as a function of temperature and pressure (taking into account the effect of thermal dissociation) but they are laborious, which is not always practical when estimate calculations performing and program algorithms writing. Consequently, the authors posed the problem of obtaining of simple analytic relationships that make it possible to calculate the isobaric heat capacity as a function of temperature and pressure (taking into account the effect of thermal dissociation). Based on the tabular data for the main components of the gas turbine combustion products within a given range of pressures and temperatures (nitrogen: p = 1 ... 200 bar, T = 150 ... 2870 K, oxygen: p = 1 ... 200 bar, T = 210 ... 2870 K, argon: p = 1 ... 200 bar, T = 190 ... 1300 K, the water vapor: p = 0.1 ... 200 bar, T = 640 ... 1250 K and p = 0.1 ... 400 bar and T = 1250 ... 3200 K, carbon dioxide: p = 1 ... 200 bar, T = 390 ... 2600 K), analytical dependencies were obtained for the calculation of isobaric heat capacities as functions of temperature and pressure taking into account the effect of thermal dissociation. The results of the calculations were compared with tabulated experimental data.

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