Nonequilibrium fluctuation theory in electrochemical nucleation. I. Derivation of nucleation current equations

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (14) ◽  
pp. 6126-6137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Tadano ◽  
Ryoichi Aogaki
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuation Theory ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Nonequilibrium Fluctuation

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Fluctuation Theory of Random Copolymers

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Dobrynin ◽  
Igor Ya. Erukhimovich
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuation Theory ◽  
Random Copolymers

Fluctuation Theory of Charged AB-Random Copolymers

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Dobrynin
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuation Theory ◽  
Random Copolymers
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