High temperature Z-meter setup for characterizing thermoelectric material under large temperature gradient

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 075117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Amatya ◽  
P. M. Mayer ◽  
R. J. Ram
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Thermoelectric Material ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature Gradient

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution in a Containment Vessel of an Operating PWR Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Utanohara ◽  
Michio Murase ◽  
Akihiro Masui ◽  
Ryo Inomata ◽  
Yuji Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Containment Vessel ◽  
Large Temperature Gradient

The structural integrity of the containment vessel (CV) for a pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant under a loss-of-coolant accident is evaluated by a safety analysis code that uses the average temperature of gas phase in the CV during reactor operation as an initial condition. Since the estimation of the average temperature by measurement is difficult, this paper addressed the numerical simulation for the temperature distribution in the CV of an operating PWR plant. The simulation considered heat generation of the equipment, the ventilation and air conditioning systems (VAC), heat transfer to the structure, and heat release to the CV exterior based on the design values of the PWR plant. The temperature increased with a rise in height within the CV and the flow field transformed from forced convection to natural convection. Compared with the measured temperature data in the actual PWR plant, predicted temperatures in the lower regions agreed well with the measured values. The temperature differences became larger above the fourth floor, and the temperature inside the steam generator (SG) loop chamber on the fourth floor was most strongly underestimated, −16.2  K due to the large temperature gradient around the heat release equipment. Nevertheless, the predicted temperature distribution represented a qualitative tendency, low at the bottom of the CV and increases with a rise in height within the CV. The total volume-averaged temperature was nearly equal to the average gas phase temperature. To improve the predictive performance, parameter studies regarding heat from the equipment and the reconsideration of the numerical model that can be applicable to large temperature gradient around the equipment are needed.

scholarly journals The Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes with Defects and Intramolecular Junctions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Zhou ◽  
Fanyan Meng ◽  
Zhuhong Liu ◽  
Sanqiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature Gradient

The thermal conductivity of various carbon nanotubes with defects or intramolecular junctions was studied using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics approach. The results show that the thermal conductivity of both armchair and zigzag carbon nanotubes increased with the decrease of the radius of the tube. The thermal conductivity of armchair tube is higher than that of zigzag tube when the radii of the two tubes are kept almost same. Discontinuities appear on the temperature profile along the tube axial at the region of IMJ, resulting in the large temperature gradient and thus lower thermal conductivity of(n,n)/(m,0)tube with one IMJ and(m,0)/(n,n)/(m,0)tube with two IMJs. For the(m,0)/(n,n)/(m,0)tube with two IMJs, phonon mean free path of the middle(n,n)tube is much smaller than that of the isolate(n,n)tube.

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