Connectivity of critical lines around the van Laar point in T, X projections

1992 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1271-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Pelt ◽  
Th. W. de Loos
Keyword(s):  
Critical Lines

Critical Lines of Action for Vulnerability and Resilience Research and Practice: Lessons from the 2017 Hurricane Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 1850015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallie Eakin ◽  
Tischa A. Muñoz-Erickson ◽  
Maria Carmen Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Information Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
The Face ◽  
Critical Lines

The unprecedented number of devastating disasters recently experienced in the United States is a clarion call to revisit how we understand our vulnerability in the face of global change, and what we are prepared to do about it. We focus on the case of Hurricane María’s impact in Puerto Rico to underscore five critical concerns in addressing vulnerability and adaptation planning: (i) vulnerability as a product of flows; (ii) how our beliefs about the capacities of ourselves and others affect local vulnerability; (iii) the role uncertainty, politics, and information access play in amplifying vulnerability and complicating adaptation; (iv) the need for a better distribution of risk and responsibility in adaptation; (v) and the challenge of seizing the opportunity of disasters for transformative change. These five issues of concern were particularly evident in the case of Puerto Rico where Hurricane María’s 155 mph winds exposed existing infrastructural vulnerabilities, institutional incapacities, and socio-economic disparities. We argue that addressing these issues requires fundamental shifts in how we prepare for environmental change and disasters in the 21st century. We discuss promising approaches that may assist researchers and practitioners in addressing some of the underlying drivers of vulnerability, stemming from cross-scalar dynamics, systemic interdependencies, and the politics and social relations associated with knowledge, decision-making and action. We argue that society needs to broach the difficult topic of the equity in the distribution of risk in society and the burden of adaptation. Addressing these challenges and response imperatives is a central task of this century; the time to act is now.

Bounded Religious Automation at Work: Communicating Human Authority in Artificial Intelligence Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Pauline Hope Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Machine Communication ◽  
Spiritual Work ◽  
Abstract Labor ◽  
Popular Texts ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Critical Lines

Existential threats to human work and leadership have been expressed over intensifying human-machine communication, and the development of robots and artificial intelligence (AI). Yet popular texts and techno-centric approaches to AI assume a flat ontology in human-machine communication which obscures power relations governing new technologies, necessitating a bounded automation approach integrating socio-economic influences that shape AI diffusion in distinctive occupational settings. This article advances three critical lines of enquiry to interrogate abstract labor displacement propositions by contextualizing human authority and communication in spiritual work. By explicating the dynamic and relational ways in which clerics strategically manage emerging social robotics, discussion of the case of ‘the world’s first robot monk’ illustrates how organizational leaders can influence AI agents to (re)produce values and cultural realities. In the process, priests strengthen normative regulation of power by aligning epistemic knowledge shared about AI and during human-machine communication to extant understandings of collective ideals.

On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology: A Critique of Macrosociological Reductionism

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
Critical Lines

Recent microsociological reductionisms claim that societal and organizational macrostructures can be “reduced to,” “explained in terms of” or “translated into” the dynamics of elementary interaction systems. Two critical lines of argumentation challenge this claim. First, neofunctionalist systems theory is drawn on to show that reductionist strategies fail to acknowledge the emergent differences between types of social systems and thus run into difficulties in the analysis of macrostructures. A model of boundary maintenance operations in interaction systems illustrates this point. Second, a more internal critique of the logic of reductionism suggests that microsociology does not provide the “foundations” for macrosociology but that micro- and macrosociology should peacefully coexist as equally legitimate ways to make sense of different aspects of social reality.

Detecting and Correcting Pipeline Leaks Before They Become a Big Problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Cramer ◽  
David Shaw ◽  
Robert Tulalian ◽  
Pabs Angelo ◽  
Maarten van Stuijvenberg
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Critical Lines

AbstractTimely pipeline leak detection is a significant business issue in view of a long history of catastrophic incidents and growing intolerance for such events. It is vital to flag containment loss and location quickly, credibly, and reliably for all green or brown field critical lines in order to shut down the line safely and isolate the leak. Pipelines are designed to transport hydrocarbons safely; however, leaks have severe safety, economic, environmental, and reputational effects. This paper will highlight robust, reliable, and cost-effective methods, most of which leverage real-time instrumentation, telecommunications, SCADA, DCS, and associated online leak detection applications. The purpose of this paper will be to review the underlying leak detection business issues, catalogue the functional challenges, and describe experiences with available technologies. Internal and external techniques will be described, including basic rate of change of flow and pressure, compensated mass balance, statistical, real-time transient modeling, acoustic wave sensing, fiber optic cable (distributed temperature, distributed acoustic sensing), and subsea hydrophones. The paper will also describe related credibility, deployment, organizational, and maintenance issues with an emphasis on upstream applications. The scope will include leak detection for pipelines conveying various flowing fluids—gas, liquid, and multiphase flow. Pipeline environments will include subsea and onshore. Advantages, disadvantages, and experiences with these techniques will be described and analyzed.

Redrawing the Map and Resetting the Time: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 93-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher ◽  
Francisco J. Varela
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Science Of Mind ◽  
The One ◽  
Critical Lines

In recent years there has been some hard-won but still limited agreement that phenomenology can be of central and positive importance to the cognitive sciences. This realization comes in the wake of dismissive gestures made by philosophers of mind who mistakenly associate phenomenological method with untrained psychological introspection (e.g., Dennett 1991). For very different reasons, resistance is also found on the phenomenological side of this issue. There are many thinkers well versed in the Husserlian tradition who are not willing to consider the validity of a naturalistic science of mind. For them cognitive science is too computational or too reductionistic to be seriously considered as capable of explaining experience or consciousness. In some cases, when phenomenologists have seriously engaged the project of the cognitive sciences, rather than pursing a positive rapprochement with this project, they have been satisfied in drawing critical lines that identify its limitations. On the one hand, such negative attitudes are understandable from the perspective of the Husserlian rejection of naturalism, or from strong emphasis on the transcendental current in phenomenology.

The Applicability of Existing Typical Liquefaction Evaluation Methods of Site Soils Based on Shear Wave Velocities for Bachu Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 1412-1418
Author(s):  
Jiang Hua Shi ◽  
Zhen Zhong Cao ◽  
Zhao Yan Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Yuan ◽  
Lin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Shear Wave Velocities ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Critical Lines

Based on liquefaction survey of 2003 Xinjiang Bachu earthquake of Ms6.8 and in-situ shear wave velocity testing data, the feasibility and applicability of five typical liquefaction evaluation methods which use shear wave velocities as criteria are presented herein. Analysis showed that none of the five liquefaction evaluation methods can provide a satisfactory result in Bachu area. The successful judging rates are only 36% to 64%. The intensity method which is employed to evaluate liquefied and non-liquefied sites in Bachu area provides only 40% successful judging rate, and the method is risky in intensity VII area and conservative in intensity IX area. The critical lines of the five methods deviate greatly from the actual lines. In intensity VII area all the five methods incorrectly misjudge. Further work has to be conducted to research on the soil properties in Bachu area and to establish the regional liquefaction evaluation method in Xinjiang.

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