Chemical equilibrium in fluids from the gaseous to liquid states: Solvent density dependence of the dimerization equilibrium of 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane in carbon dioxide, chlorotrifluoromethane, and trifluoromethane

1992 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 3085-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kimura ◽  
Y. Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Solvent Density ◽  
Liquid States

Ultrasonic relaxation of the vibrational specific heat of carbon dioxide, sulphur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, cyclo propane and methyl chloride in the liquid state

1958 ◽  
Vol 247 (1249) ◽  
pp. 168-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Single Relaxation Time ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Liquid States

Measurements have been made of the ultrasonic absorption and the velocity of propagation in a number of liquefied gases at temperatures from 0 to 50°C and over the frequency range 1 to 50 Mc/s. The observations in liquid carbon dioxide cover the major part of a relaxation region, centred about a frequency of approximately 10 Mc/s, and a full analysis is therefore possible in this case. The results are adequately described in terms of a relaxation of the total vibrational specific heat associated with a single relaxation time. For sulphur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, cyclo propane and methyl chloride it was not possible to cover a substantial part of the relaxation region. In each case, however, the results are consistent with the assumption that the observed non-classical absorption is entirely due to vibrational relaxation and that the total vibrational specific heat relaxes with a single relaxation time. The corresponding characteristic frequencies are calculated and fall within the range 60 to 250 Mc/s. Comparisons are made between the values of the product, density ( ρ ) times relaxation time at constant temperature (ז T ), in the gaseous and liquid states for the above substances and for others, where adequate data is available. It is found that for a given temperature the ratio ( ρז T ) liquid ( ρז T ) gas is greater than, but close to, unity. It is concluded that vibrational transitions in liquids which are not highly associated occur by the mechanism of binary collisions between molecules. The quantity ( ρז T √ T ) –1 , which can be taken as a measure of the collision efficiency, increases with increasing temperature for non-polar liquids, but appears to depend very little on temperature for highly polar ones.

Density dependence of structure of supercritical carbon dioxide along an isotherm

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (16) ◽  
pp. 7011-7021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Ishii ◽  
Susumu Okazaki ◽  
Isao Okada ◽  
Michihiro Furusaka ◽  
Noboru Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Supercritical Carbon
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