Modeling reaction–diffusion pattern formation in the Couette flow reactor

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elezgaray ◽  
A. Arneodo
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Couette Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Pattern

scholarly journals Synthetic mammalian pattern formation driven by differential diffusivity of Nodal and Lefty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Sekine ◽  
Tatsuo Shibata ◽  
Miki Ebisuya
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Mammalian Cell Culture ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Minimal Network ◽  
Range Distribution ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Diffusion Pattern

AbstractPattern formation is fundamental for embryonic development. Although synthetic biologists have created several patterns, a synthetic mammalian reaction-diffusion pattern has yet to be realized. TGF-β family proteins Nodal and Lefty have been proposed to meet the conditions for reaction-diffusion patterning: Nodal is a short-range activator that enhances the expression of Nodal and Lefty whereas Lefty acts as a long-range inhibitor against Nodal. However, the pattern forming possibility of the Nodal-Lefty signaling has never been directly tested, and the underlying mechanisms of differential diffusivity of Nodal and Lefty remain unclear. Here, through a combination of synthetic biology and theoretical modeling, we show that a reconstituted minimal network of the Nodal-Lefty signaling spontaneously gives rise to a pattern in mammalian cell culture. Surprisingly, extracellular Nodal was confined underneath the cells as small clusters, resulting in a narrow distribution range compared with Lefty. We further found that the finger 1 domain of the Nodal protein is responsible for its short-range distribution. By transplanting the finger 1 domain of Nodal into Lefty, we converted the originally long-range distribution of Lefty to a short-range one, successfully preventing the pattern formation. These results indicate that the differences in the localization and domain structures between Nodal and Lefty, combined with the activator-inhibitor topology, are sufficient for reaction-diffusion pattern formation in mammalian cells.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic synthesis of Fe2O3@MoS2 0D/2D-nanocomposite material and its application as a catalyst in the glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (28) ◽  
pp. 16841-16848
Author(s):  
Younghyun Cha ◽  
Yong-Ju Park ◽  
Do Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Couette Flow ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Nanocomposite Material ◽  
Taylor Couette ◽  
Taylor Couette Flow

Fe2O3@MoS2 0D/2D-nanocomposite material was synthesized in an aqueous solution using a Taylor–Couette flow reactor.

Role of Nuclei in Liesegang Pattern Formation: Insights from Experiment and Reaction-Diffusion Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 3669-3676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Itatani ◽  
Qing Fang ◽  
Kei Unoura ◽  
Hideki Nabika
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Simulation

‘Generic’ physical mechanisms of morphogenesis and pattern formation

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Newman ◽  
W.D. Comper
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Waves ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Highly Evolved

The role of ‘generic’ physical mechanisms in morphogenesis and pattern formation of tissues is considered. Generic mechanisms are defined as those physical processes that are broadly applicable to living and non-living systems, such as adhesion, surface tension and gravitational effects, viscosity, phase separation, convection and reaction-diffusion coupling. They are contrasted with ‘genetic’ mechanisms, a term reserved for highly evolved, machine-like, biomolecular processes. Generic mechanisms acting upon living tissues are capable of giving rise to morphogenetic rearrangements of cytoplasmic, tissue and extracellular matrix components, sometimes leading to ‘microfingers’, and to chemical waves or stripes. We suggest that many morphogenetic and patterning effects are the inevitable outcome of recognized physical properties of tissues, and that generic physical mechanisms that act on these properties are complementary to, and interdependent with genetic mechanisms. We also suggest that major morphological reorganizations in phylogenetic lineages may arise by the action of generic physical mechanisms on developing embryos. Subsequent evolution of genetic mechanisms could stabilize and refine developmental outcomes originally guided by generic effects.

scholarly journals Synchrony and pattern formation of coupled genetic oscillators on a chip of artificial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (44) ◽  
pp. 11609-11614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Tayar ◽  
Eyal Karzbrun ◽  
Vincent Noireaux ◽  
Roy H. Bar-Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Oscillatory Reactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Genetic Oscillators

Understanding how biochemical networks lead to large-scale nonequilibrium self-organization and pattern formation in life is a major challenge, with important implications for the design of programmable synthetic systems. Here, we assembled cell-free genetic oscillators in a spatially distributed system of on-chip DNA compartments as artificial cells, and measured reaction–diffusion dynamics at the single-cell level up to the multicell scale. Using a cell-free gene network we programmed molecular interactions that control the frequency of oscillations, population variability, and dynamical stability. We observed frequency entrainment, synchronized oscillatory reactions and pattern formation in space, as manifestation of collective behavior. The transition to synchrony occurs as the local coupling between compartments strengthens. Spatiotemporal oscillations are induced either by a concentration gradient of a diffusible signal, or by spontaneous symmetry breaking close to a transition from oscillatory to nonoscillatory dynamics. This work offers design principles for programmable biochemical reactions with potential applications to autonomous sensing, distributed computing, and biomedical diagnostics.

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