The effects of cross‐linking on the equation of state of a polymer solution

1989 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 2706-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Horkay ◽  
A. M. Hecht ◽  
E. Geissler
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Cross Linking

Determination of Solubility of Hydrogen in Polymer Solution at High Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Guang Hua Gao ◽  
Guang Wei Zhai
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Gas Solubility ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract. The solubility of hydrogen in styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer-cyclohexane solution was determined under 3, 6 and 10 MPa pressures and at temperatures from 50°C to 150°C respectively. The experimental results showed that the solubility of hydrogen increases with risen pressure, temperature as well as concentration of SBS polymer in the cyclohexane solvent. The measured data of gas solubility could be successfully correlated by PRSV equation of state.

The Adaptability in Polymer Flooding to GuoPu Oilfield of Childers - Jayne Childers

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
Yin Feng Liu ◽  
Da Zhao Song ◽  
Yu Yao ◽  
Bi Yun Fu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Polymer Degradation ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Temperature Relationship ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
The Stability

In view of the actual conditions of childers - jayne GuoPu reservoir with low temperature, high salinity , this text select three kinds of polymer by evaluating the related parameters of polymer which is resistant to high salinity to discuss the performance and adaptability.From the polymer viscosity-concentration relationship and viscosity-temperature relationship, it can be concluded that when the concentration of the HDSJ is 3000 mg/L, it can meet the requirements of the theory of reservoir viscosity values.However, due to the specific conditions of reservoir with high salinity (249060mg/L), the single polymer HDSJ cannot continue to maintain theory viscosity value.In view of the problems of polymer degradation at high salinity, those experiences join the mass fraction of chromium acetate 2.7% with retarder, to cross-linking in a single polymer solution based on 30:1 polymer chromium rate. By testing the stability of cross-linking system, we can conclude that HDSJ gel solution with polymer chromium ratio 30:1 can meet the reservoir conditions.

The Dependence of Concentration Copper Ions in Nanofibers (PVA) on Composition of Original Basic Electrospin Solution and on Kind of Stabilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 731 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Havrlík ◽  
Pavla Ryparová
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Sharp Line ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Nanofiber Textile ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking

The nanofiber textile was made by electrospinning on device Nanospider LB 500 (Elmarco, CR). The original basic polymer solution contains polyvinyl alcohol and additional supplement: a glyoxal and phosphoric acid for thermal stabilization and copper sulphate as a biotic agent. The concentration of copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) in original basic polymer solution was 0.5 and 1% and it follows that the theoretical concentration of copper ions in nanofibers was 0.95 and 1.89%. Subsequently the nanofibers had stabilized by thermal heat (140 °C, 10 min), and by chemical cross linking methods with using of soaking in solution with glutaraldehyde, methanol. The stabilized nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic absorption spectrum (AAS). The results showed that the thermal stabilization did not change nanostructures too much, but subsequent soaking showed, that their structure has changed after 24 hour leaching, the crosslinked points has not sharp line. This measurement leads to conclusion, that the stabilization by heat is not fully absolute. Chemical stabilization nanofibers by glutaraldehyde changed the nanoproperties only in range a few percent and the solubility in water was absolutely completed. The stabilization by methanol has destroyed nanostructures of the fabrics, and the nanofiber textile looks like thin layer or thick membrane. The nanostructures didn't change their character nor after water soaking. The content of copper in nanofiber had measured by (AAS) and thus proved that the copper concentration in nanofiber is independent on original concentration in solution. The next results from this measurement confirm the assumption that the concentrations of copper are dependent on kind stabilization. The next results from this measurement confirm the assumption that the concentrations of copper are dependent on kind stabilization. The stabilization by soaking in stabilization solution leads to decrease of concentration of copper in nanofiber. The thermal stabilization didn't change final content of copper in nanofiber, the stabilization by glutaraldehyde changed the concentration, it was lower by 2 mg/g and the stabilization by methanol made nanofiber with one quarter original value of copper.

Equation of state for polymer solution

Polymer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3447-3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsuoka ◽  
M.K. Cowman
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Polymer Solution

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

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