Diffusion controlled reactions: Experimental verification of the time‐dependent rate equation

1988 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 4799-4806 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Periasamy ◽  
S. Doraiswamy ◽  
B. Venkataraman ◽  
G. R. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
Diffusion Controlled

Complex kinetic systems with time-dependent rate coefficients

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Andre ◽  
F. Baros ◽  
J.M.G. Martinho
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Dependent Rate

scholarly journals Modeling Growth, Containment and Decay of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Capuano
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
Slow Decay ◽  
Cumulative Curve ◽  
Modeling Growth

A careful inspection of the cumulative curve of confirmed COVID-19 infections in Italy and in other hard-hit countries reveals three distinct phases: i) an initial exponential growth (unconstrained phase), ii) an algebraic, power-law growth (containment phase), and iii) a relatively slow decay. We propose a parsimonious compartment model based on a time-dependent rate of depletion of the susceptible population that captures all such phases for a plausible range of model parameters. The results suggest an intimate interplay between the growth behavior, the timing and implementation of containment strategies, and the subsequent saturation of the outbreak.

A new time-dependent rate constant of the coalescence kernel for the modelling of fluidised bed granulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
Kevin Cronin ◽  
Francisco J. Gutiérrez Ortiz ◽  
Denis Ring ◽  
Fuweng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
New Time

scholarly journals Avian and serpentine endogenous foamy viruses, and new insights into the macroevolutionary history of foamy viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakorn Aiewsakun
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Sea Snake ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
Foamy Viruses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paraphyletic Group ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Abstract This study reports and characterises two novel distinct lineages of foamy viruses (FVs) in the forms of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Several closely related elements were found in the genome of oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana) and other was found in the genome of spine-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis hardwickii), designated ERV-Spuma.N-Cbo (where 'N' runs from one to thirteen) and ERV-Spuma.1-Hha, respectively. This discovery of avian and serpentine endogenous FVs adds snakes, and perhaps more crucially, birds to the list of currently known hosts of FVs, in addition to mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. This indicates that FVs are, or at least were, capable of infecting all major lineages of vertebrates. Moreover, together with other FVs, phylogenetic analyses showed that both of them are most closely related to mammalian FVs. Further examination revealed that reptilian FVs form a deep paraphyletic group that is basal to mammalian and avian FVs, suggesting that there were multiple ancient FV cross-class transmissions among their hosts. Evolutionary timescales of various FV lineages were estimated in this study, in particular, the timescales of reptilian FVs and that of the clade of mammalian, avian, and serpentine FVs. This was accomplished by using the recently established time-dependent rate phenomenon models, inferred using mainly the knowledge of the co-speciation history between FVs and mammals. It was found that the estimated timescales matched very well with those of reptiles. Combined with the observed phylogenetic patterns, these results suggested that FVs likely co-speciated with ancient reptilian animals, but later jumped to a protomammal and/or a bird, which ultimately gave rise to mammalian and avian FVs. These results contribute to our understanding of FV emergence, specifically the emergence of mammalian and avian FVs, and provide new insights into how FVs co-evolved with their non-mammalian vertebrate hosts in the distant past.

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