Theory of Onsager phenomenological coefficients for isothermal linear transport processes in electrolyte solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 2053-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Thacher ◽  
Jeong‐long Lin ◽  
C. Y. Mou
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Linear Transport ◽  
Phenomenological Coefficients

The use of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics in the study of renal physiology

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. F211-F219
Author(s):  
A. Essig ◽  
S. R. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Onsager Reciprocity ◽  
Phenomenological Coefficients ◽  
Osmotic Pressure Difference

Classical formulations for the analysis of membrane transport processes, which ignored possible interactions between flows of diverse permeant species, often led to inconsistencies in the evaluation of permeability coefficients. For water flow induced by an osmotic pressure difference this difficulty was resolved by Staverman's introduction of the reflection coefficient sigma, a parameter which incorporates the interaction between solute and solvent in the course of their passage through a membrane. A comprehensive nonequilibrium thermodynamic (NET) formalism suitable for many biological systems was provided by Kedem and Katchalsky. For an n-flow system each flow is in general dependent on n forces; the assumption of Onsager reciprocity, however, reduces the number of independent phenomenological coefficients. Although NET is widely applied in the study of renal physiology, fundamental theoretical and practical problems remain. Basic considerations are the need to control or evaluate the influence of all coupled flows and to establish conditions fostering linear dependencies of flows on forces. When this is done a transport system may be characterized in terms of intrinsic membrane parameters, facilitating the systematic study of the effects of drugs, hormones, and various experimental perturbations.

Thermodynamics of Linear Transport Processes

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Paul Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Transport Processes ◽  
Linear Transport

Approximation of Linear Transport Processes

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hejtmanek
Keyword(s):  
Transport Processes ◽  
Linear Transport

Heat and Mass Transfer in Granular Potash Fertilizer With a Surface Dissolution Reaction

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Wen Peng ◽  
Robert W. Besant ◽  
Graeme Strathdee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract Potash is a widely used granular fertilizer and when exposed to high humidities it readily adsorbs water forming a liquid electrolyte solution on each particle. Heat and mass transfer due to air flow through granular potash beds is studied experimentally and numerically. A one dimensional experimental set-up is used to measure the temperature and air humidity response and mass gain of a potash bed subject to a step change in air flow. A porous media mathematical model is developed to predict the transient temperature and moisture content distributions. The transport processes are modelled as non-equilibrium heat and mass transfer between the porous solid and air flow gaseous phases. The state of the surface electrolyte solution is modelled by the thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions. Experimental and numerical results shows that when there is a strong surface heat source due to phase change, especially near the entrance region, non-equilibrium internal moisture and heat transfer processes exist. The temperature difference between potash granules and the air flowing through the potash bed is significant.

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