The solution of the MSA for asymmetrical hard ions: The effects of the coupling parameter Pn on the shielding parameter Γ and the structure of the electrolyte solutions

1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 5270-5271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions

scholarly journals The Rr Form of the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner Model Equations for Description of the Membrane Transport in Concentration Polarization Conditions

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Kornelia M. Batko ◽  
Andrzej Ślęzak ◽  
Sławomir Grzegorczyn ◽  
Wioletta M. Bajdur
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Homogeneous Solutions ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Degree Of Coupling ◽  
Density Of Solutions

The paper presents the Rr matrix form of Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner equations for membrane transport of the non-homogeneous ternary non-electrolyte solutions. Peusner’s coefficients Rijr and det [Rr] (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}, r = A, B) occurring in these equations, were calculated for Nephrophan biomembrane, glucose in aqueous ethanol solutions and two different settings of the solutions relative to the horizontally oriented membrane for concentration polarization conditions or homogeneity of solutions. Kedem–Katchalsky coefficients, measured for homogeneous and non-homogeneous solutions, were used for the calculations. The calculated Peusner’s coefficients for homogeneous solutions depend linearly, and for non-homogeneous solutions non-linearly on the concentrations of solutes. The concentration dependences of the coefficients Rijr and det [Rr] indicate a characteristic glucose concentration of 9.24 mol/m3 (at a fixed ethanol concentration) in which the obtained curves for Configurations A and B intersect. At this point, the density of solutions in the upper and lower membrane chamber are the same. Peusner’s coefficients were used to assess the effect of concentration polarization and free convection on membrane transport (the ξij coefficient), determine the degree of coupling (the rijr coefficient) and coupling parameter (the QRr coefficient) and energy conversion efficiency (the (eijr)r coefficient).

Electrolyte Solutions.

1961 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_4) ◽  
pp. 285-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions

Structure of Aqueous Monovalent Electrolyte Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223
Author(s):  
N.A. Atamas ◽  
◽  
L.A. Bulavin ◽  
D. Vasyl’eva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions

Promoting Nitrogen Electroreduction to Ammonia with Bismuth Nanocrystals and Potassium Cations in Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaecheol Choi ◽  
Hoang-Long Du ◽  
Manjunath Chatti ◽  
Bryan H. R. Suryanto ◽  
Alexandr Simonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

We demonstrate that bismuth exhibits no measurable electrocatalytic activity for the nitrogen reduction reaction to ammonia in aqueous electrolyte solutions, contrary to several recent reports on the highly impressive rates of Bi-catalysed electrosynthesis of NH<sub>3</sub> from N<sub>2</sub>.

Microstructure determines water and salt permeation in commercial ion exchange membranes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kingsbury ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Sophie Flotron ◽  
Orlando Coronell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Salt Diffusion ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Ion exchange membrane (IEM) performance in electrochemical processes such as fuel cells, redox flow batteries, or reverse electrodialysis (RED) is typically quantified through membrane selectivity and conductivity, which together determine the energy efficiency. However, water and co-ion transport (i.e., osmosis and salt diffusion / fuel crossover) also impact energy efficiency by allowing uncontrolled mixing of the electrolyte solutions to occur. For example, in RED with hypersaline water sources, uncontrolled mixing consumes 20-50% of the available mixing energy. Thus, in addition to high selectivity and high conductivity, it is desirable for IEMs to have low permeability to water and salt in order to minimize energy losses. Unfortunately, there is very little quantitative water and salt permeability information available for commercial IEMs, making it difficult to select the best membrane for a particular application. Accordingly, we measured the water and salt transport properties of 20 commercial IEMs and analyzed the relationships between permeability, diffusion and partitioning according to the solution-diffusion model. We found that water and salt permeance vary over several orders of magnitude among commercial IEMs, making some membranes better-suited than others to electrochemical processes that involve high salt concentrations and/or concentration gradients. Water and salt diffusion coefficients were found to be the principal factors contributing to the differences in permeance among commercial IEMs. We also observed that water and salt permeability were highly correlated to one another for all IEMs studied, regardless of polymer type or reinforcement. This finding suggests that transport of mobile salt in IEMs is governed by the microstructure of the membrane, and provides clear evidence that mobile salt does not interact strongly with polymer chains in highly-swollen IEMs. <br>

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