Quantum versus classical dynamics in the treatment of multiple photon excitation of the anharmonic oscillator

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Walker ◽  
Richard K. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Anharmonic Oscillator ◽  
Classical Dynamics ◽  
Photon Excitation

Quantum versus classical dynamics in a periodically driven anharmonic oscillator

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1669-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ben-Tal ◽  
N. Moiseyev ◽  
H. J. Korsch
Keyword(s):  
Anharmonic Oscillator ◽  
Classical Dynamics ◽  
Periodically Driven

Two-photon excitation microscopy in cellular biophysics

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
David W. Piston ◽  
Brian D. Bennett ◽  
Robert G. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Simultaneous Absorption ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10-5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy in living systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 154-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Piston
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Simultaneous Absorption ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging. Two-photon excitation arises from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantitized event whose probability is proportional to the square of the instantaneous intensity. For example, two red photons can cause the transition to an excited electronic state normally reached by absorption in the ultraviolet. In our fluorescence experiments, the final excited state is the same singlet state that is populated during a conventional fluorescence experiment. Thus, the fluorophore exhibits the same emission properties (e.g. wavelength shifts, environmental sensitivity) used in typical biological microscopy studies. In practice, two-photon excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 maintains the average input power on the order of 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy.

Ruthenium Complexes for 1- and 2-Photon Photodynamic Therapy: From In Silico Prediction to In Vivo Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Karges ◽  
Shi Kuang ◽  
Federica Maschietto ◽  
Olivier Blacque ◽  
Ilaria Ciofini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Multicellular Tumor Spheroids ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Polypyridine Complexes

<div>The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer has received increasing attention overthe recent years. However, the application of the currently approved photosensitizers (PSs) is somehow limited by their poor aqueous solubility, aggregation, photobleaching and slow clearance from the body. To overcome these limitations, there is a need for the development of new classes of PSs with ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes currently gaining momentum. However, these compounds generally lack significant absorption in the biological spectral window, limiting their application to treat deep-seated or large tumors. To overcome this drawback, ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes designed in silico with (E,E’)-4,4´-bisstyryl 2,2´-bipyridine ligands showed impressive 1- and 2-Photon absorption up to a magnitude higher than the ones published so far. While non-toxic in the dark, these compounds were found phototoxic in various 2D monolayer cells, 3D multicellular tumor spheroids and be able to eradicate a multiresistant tumor inside a mouse model upon clinically relevant 1-Photon and 2 Photon excitation.</div>

Room-Temperature Chemical Synthesis of C2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Miyamoto ◽  
Shodai Narita ◽  
Yui Masumoto ◽  
Takahiro Hashishin ◽  
Mutsumi Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Quadruple Bond ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
Inherent Nature

Diatomic carbon (C<sub>2</sub>) is historically an elusive chemical species. It has long been believed that the generation of C<sub>2 </sub>requires extremely high “physical” energy, such as an electric carbon arc or multiple photon excitation, and so it has been the general consensus that the inherent nature of C<sub>2 </sub><i>in the ground state </i>is experimentally inaccessible. Here, we present the first “chemical” synthesis of C<sub>2 </sub>in a flask at <i>room temperature or below</i>, providing the first experimental evidence to support theoretical predictions that (1) C<sub>2 </sub>has a singlet biradical character with a quadruple bond, thus settling a long-standing controversy between experimental and theoretical chemists, and that (2) C<sub>2 </sub>serves as a molecular element in the formation of sp<sup>2</sup>-carbon allotropes such as graphite, carbon nanotubes and C<sub>60</sub>.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document