X-ray diffraction and phenomenological studies of the engineered monoclinic crystal domains in single crystal relaxor ferroelectrics

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 8159-8164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Durbin ◽  
J. C. Hicks ◽  
S.-E. Park ◽  
T. R. Shrout
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectrics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phenomenological Studies

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, Crystallographic Studies of 5-Acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and Their Chalcone Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1609-1613
Author(s):  
C.B. Vagish ◽  
Karthik Kumara ◽  
N.K. Lokanath ◽  
K. Ajay Kumar ◽  
P.G. Chandrasherkar
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Benzoyl Chloride ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray

An efficient, easy and one pot synthesis for the Friedel-Craft acetylation reaction of quinolines was developed. The reaction between 8-hydroxyquinoline and acetyl/benzoyl chloride in nitrobenzene immediately flocculates as yellow precipitate. On further addition of Lewis acid causes the Friedel-Craft acetylation leads to formation of acetylated quionlines in good yields. The structure of compound 5-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (3) was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P21/c. The synthesized acetylated quionlines undergoes condensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes leads to 8-hydroxyquinoline chalcones derivatives. The products were characterized by spectral studies, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS DL-VALINE PICRATE SINGLE CRYSTAL FOR SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350004
Author(s):  
A. SILAMBARASAN ◽  
M. KRISHNA KUMAR ◽  
S. SUDHAHAR ◽  
A. THIRUNAVUKKARASU ◽  
R. MOHAN KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ftir Spectral Analysis ◽  
Growth Method

An organic compound Bis DL-Valine picrate (BDLVP) was synthesized successfully and single crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution growth method. The presence of functional groups in the compound was identified by FTIR spectral analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed that the grown crystal belongs to P21/n space group of monoclinic crystal system. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern was recorded to know the crystalline perfection of the grown crystal. The reaction mechanism, thermal decomposition stages and thermal stability of the grown crystal were studied by using TG/DTA analysis. From the UV-visible spectral study, the electronic band gap energy (Eg) of the grown crystal was found to be 2.43 eV. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of grown crystal was found to be 1.3 times higher than KDP crystal by using Kurtz powder SHG technique. The microhardness property of the grown crystal was examined by Vicker's microhardness test.

Thermal properties of monoclinic crystal Er3+:Yb3+:Ca4YO(BO3)3

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Ge ◽  
H. J. Zhang ◽  
J. Y. Wang ◽  
M. H. Jiang ◽  
S. Q. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Czochralski Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Crystalline Quality ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rank Tensor ◽  
Co Doped

A large Er3+–Yb3+co-doped yttrium calcium oxoborate [Er3+:Yb3+:Ca4YO(BO3)3, abbreviated as Er:Yb:YCOB] single crystal, with dimensions of 2.5 cm in diameter and 9.0 cm in length, has been grown along the crystallographicbaxis by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction results show that the as-grown Er:Yb:YCOB crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with space groupCm; the unit-cell constants area= 8.085,b= 16.048,c= 3.528 Å and β = 101.11°. The high crystalline quality of the as-grown single crystal was confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, which showed the full width at half-maximum of the rocking curves to be less than 20 arcseconds on the (060) and (\overline 201) diffraction planes. The measurement and calculation of the symmetrical second-rank tensor for the monoclinic crystal are described in detail in this paper. The principal coefficients of thermal expansion of the as-grown Er:Yb:YCOB crystal are αI= 11.95 × 10−6 K−1, αII= 9.20 × 10−6 K−1and αIII= 18.93 × 10−6 K−1over the temperature range 303.15–873.15 K. The specific heat of the crystal is 725.6 J kg−1 K−1at 328.15 K. The principal thermal conductivity parameters areKI= 2.882 W m−1 K−1,KII= 2.687 W m−1 K−1andKIII= 2.692 W m−1 K−1at 328.15 K.

Octahedral tilting in Pb-based relaxor ferroelectrics at high pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd J. Maier ◽  
Ross J. Angel ◽  
William G. Marshall ◽  
Boriana Mihailova ◽  
Carsten Paulmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectrics ◽  
Partial Ordering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Octahedral Cation

We have employed a combination of powder neutron diffraction and single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction to characterize the pressure-induced phase transitions that occur in the perovskite-type relaxor ferroelectric PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 (PST) and Pb0.78Ba0.22Sc0.5Ta0.5O3 (PST-Ba). At ambient pressure the symmetry of the average structure for both compounds is Fm\bar{3}m as a result of partial ordering of the Sc and Ta cations on the octahedral sites. At pressures above the phase transition both the neutron and X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit an increase in the intensities of h,k,l = all odd reflections and no appearance of additional Bragg reflections. Synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction data show that the intensity of hhh peaks, h = 2n + 1, does not change with pressure. This indicates that the structural distortion arising from the phase transition has a glide-plane pseudo-symmetry along the 〈111〉 cubic directions. Rietveld refinement to the neutron powder data shows that the high-pressure phase has either R\bar{3}c or R\bar{3} symmetry, depending on whether the presence of 1:1 octahedral cation ordering is neglected or taken into account, and comprises octahedral tilts of the type a − a − a − that continuously evolve with pressure. The cubic-to-rhombohedral transition is also marked by a large increase in the anisotropy of the displacement ellipsoids of the Pb cations, indicating larger displacements of Pb cations along the rhombohedral threefold axis rather than within the perpendicular plane. For PST the anisotropy of the Pb displacement parameters decreases at approximately 3 GPa above the phase-transition pressure. For both PST and PST-Ba the average magnitudes of Pb-cation displacements expressed in terms of isotropic displacement ellipsoids gradually decrease over the entire pressure range from ambient to 7.35 GPa.

Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Galbraith ◽  
L. E. Murr ◽  
A. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

Crystal structure of an inclusion complex between chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 and S(–)-1-phenyl-ethyl ammonium percholorate

2003 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Özbey ◽  
F. B. Kaynak ◽  
M. Toğrul ◽  
N. Demirel ◽  
H. Hoşgören
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type

AbstractA new type of inclusion complex, S(–)-1 phenyl ethyl ammonium percholorate complex of R-(–)-2-ethyl - N - benzyl - 4, 7, 10, 13 - tetraoxa -1- azacyclopentadecane, has been prepared and studied by NMR, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in space group

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document