Refractive index of sodium iodide

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 043521 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Jellison ◽  
L. A. Boatner ◽  
J. O. Ramey ◽  
J. A. Kolopus ◽  
L. A. Ramey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sodium Iodide

A simple model for the refractive index of sodium iodide aqueous solutions

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Narrow ◽  
M. Yoda ◽  
S. I. Abdel-Khalik
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Iodide

Development of a Methodology for Adaptation of Refractive Index Under Controlling Kinematic Viscosity for PIV

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuya Shida ◽  
Hiroyuki Kosukegawa ◽  
Makoto Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Flow Modeling

Blood vessel diseases such as ischemic cardiac disease or cerebral aneurysm are life-threatening disorders and as large a cause of death as cancer in many countries. The rupture of a cerebral aneurysm usually causes subarachnoidal hemorrhage the mortality of which is very high. Previous studies have proved that the genesis and growth of aneurysm are related to hemodynamics. Especially, in endovascular therapy for cerebral aneurysms using medical devices such as coils or stents, hemodynamics in an aneurysm are related to thrombosis formation in the aneurysm and to its repair. In vascular research using a biomodel (blood vessel phantom with mechanical properties similar to a human artery) for treating cerebral aneurysm, the working fluid, termed Blood-Mimicking Fluid (BMF), should mimic human blood with respect to viscosity so as to obtain realistic blood flow modeling in in vitro measurements. Moreover, refractive indices of BMF must be adjusted to fit biomodel materials because the materials used for Particle Image Velocimetry, one of the best tools for measurement of flow, have various refractive indices. For simultaneous adjustment of the two parameters, i.e. kinematic viscosity and refractive index, an aqueous mixture of glycerol and sodium iodide has been used in previous research. In this paper, we develop a systematic way to precisely find the two targeted parameters of BMF by showing the measurement values of the refractive index and the viscosity of the two aqueous solutions. The refractive index to light of fluorescent was measured with a critical angle refractometer while temperature of sample was also measured. And a vibration-type viscometer was used to obtain the dynamic viscosity under the same condition as refractive index measurement. These measurements were carried out at room temperature and pressure, respectively. As a result of detailed measurements at various proportions, refractive indices of the aqueous solution of glycerol (Gly. aq.) increase monotonically. On the one hand, the kinematic viscosity of Gly. aq. increases very slightly with its proportion and that of the aqueous solution of sodium iodide (NaI aq.) exhibits unique behavior. The results of combining Gly. aq. and NaI aq. indicate that the mixture has a wide range of kinematic viscosity, including the value of blood (around 3.8 mm2/s), at the targeted refractive index. In conclusion, this mixing method is useful for BMF preparation with the adjustment of refractive index and kinematic viscosity.

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

Light microscopy of ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 908-909
Author(s):  
Walter C. McCrone
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Refractive Index

An excellent chapter on this subject by V.D. Fréchette appeared in a book edited by L.L. Hench and R.W. Gould in 1971 (1). That chapter with the references cited there provides a very complete coverage of the subject. I will add a more complete coverage of an important polarized light microscope (PLM) technique developed more recently (2). Dispersion staining is based on refractive index and its variation with wavelength (dispersion of index). A particle of, say almandite, a garnet, has refractive indices of nF = 1.789 nm, nD = 1.780 nm and nC = 1.775 nm. A Cargille refractive index liquid having nD = 1.780 nm will have nF = 1.810 and nC = 1.768 nm. Almandite grains will disappear in that liquid when observed with a beam of 589 nm light (D-line), but it will have a lower refractive index than that liquid with 486 nm light (F-line), and a higher index than that liquid with 656 nm light (C-line).

On the refractive index of rutile

1992 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Shenoy ◽  
R.M. de la Rue
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index

Modification of optical properties of PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS nanocomposites by gamma irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 20402
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Benthami ◽  
Mai ME. Barakat ◽  
Samir A. Nouh
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Nanocomposite (NCP) films of polycarbonate-polybutylene terephthalate (PC-PBT) blend as a host material to Cr2O3 and CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by both thermolysis and casting techniques. Samples from the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS NCPs were irradiated using different doses (20–110 kGy) of γ radiation. The induced modifications in the optical properties of the γ irradiated NCPs have been studied as a function of γ dose using UV Vis spectroscopy and CIE color difference method. Optical dielectric loss and Tauc's model were used to estimate the optical band gaps of the NCP films and to identify the types of electronic transition. The value of optical band gap energy of PC-PBT/Cr2O3 NCP was reduced from 3.23 to 3.06 upon γ irradiation up to 110 kGy, while it decreased from 4.26 to 4.14 eV for PC-PBT/CdS NCP, indicating the growth of disordered phase in both NCPs. This was accompanied by a rise in the refractive index for both the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS NCP films, leading to an enhancement in their isotropic nature. The Cr2O3 NPs were found to be more effective in changing the band gap energy and refractive index due to the presence of excess oxygen atoms that help with the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in increasing the chance of covalent bonds formation between the NPs and the PC-PBT blend. Moreover, the color intensity, ΔE has been computed; results show that both the two synthesized NCPs have a response to color alteration by γ irradiation, but the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 has a more response since the values of ΔE achieved a significant color difference >5 which is an acceptable match in commercial reproduction on printing presses. According to the resulting enhancement in the optical characteristics of the developed NCPs, they can be a suitable candidate as activate materials in optoelectronic devices, or shielding sheets for solar cells.

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