Measurements of electron avalanche formation time in W-band microwave air breakdown

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 080707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Cook ◽  
Jason S. Hummelt ◽  
Michael A. Shapiro ◽  
Richard J. Temkin
Keyword(s):  
Formation Time ◽  
Electron Avalanche ◽  
W Band ◽  
Air Breakdown ◽  
Avalanche Formation

scholarly journals Features of the electron avalanche formation process in a strongly inhomogeneous electric field under high overvoltages

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Yu I Mamontov ◽  
V V Lisenkov
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Runaway Electron ◽  
Electron Avalanche ◽  
Electron Beam Transport ◽  
Avalanche Formation ◽  
Discharge Gap

Abstract The simulation of the electron avalanche formation process in subnanosecond discharges of high pressure was carried out by means of the Monte-Carlo approach. The discharge gap under consideration was of the configuration “the finger-shaped cathode – the hemispherical anode”. The presence of a conic-shaped microprotrusion on a cathode surface was assumed. Such the electrode configuration provided the strongly inhomogeneous distribution of an electric field. A gas simulated was nitrogen at a pressure of 6 atm. An average electric field strength across the discharge gap was varied from 200 kV/cm up to 400 kV/cm. Microprotrusion height was varied from 0 um up to 30 um. The critical size and formation time of an electron avalanche were determined under various conditions simulated. The threshold electric field strength for electrons to transit into the continuous accelerating regime was calculated for various heights of the microprotrusion. The applicability of the non-self-consistent Monte-Carlo technique for the investigation of the runaway electron kinetics and the correct simulation of the runaway electron beam transport across the discharge gap was shown.

The Flowing Clotting Time (Thrombus Formation Time) a Sensitive Test of Hypercoagulability

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 516-523
Author(s):  
H Engelberg ◽  
L. P Engelberg
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Formation Time ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Plasma Heparin

SummaryThe addition of small amounts of extrinsic thromboplastin or of thrombin to blood in vitro accelerated coagulation more frequently and to a greater extent when determined by the flowing time test than when measured by the silicone clotting time, or by the blood or plasma heparin tolerance tests. Similar results were obtained when intrinsic thromboplastin formation was stimulated by contact with glass. However there was little or no acceleration of the flowing clotting time of plasma obtained from aliquots of the thromboplastin-containing blood. These results indicate that the flowing clotting time (thrombus formation time) of whole blcod is a more reliable test of hypercoagulability than previously described blood or plasma clotting time tests.

Ore Occurrence of Potassium-Uranium Rock Association: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Formation Time (the Ukrainian Shield)

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bondarenko ◽  
L. Stepanyuk ◽  
Z. Karly ◽  
V. Syomka ◽  
N. Donskoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Time ◽  
Ukrainian Shield ◽  
Rock Association

Investigation of W-band Diverse-shaped Groove-loaded Folded Waveguide Traveling-wave Tubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1760-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Ming-guang Huang ◽  
Bao-liang Hao ◽  
Pu-kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Folded Waveguide ◽  
W Band ◽  
Traveling Wave Tubes
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