Measurement of fluid flow generated by artificial cilia

Gašper Kokot; Mojca Vilfan; Natan Osterman; Andrej Vilfan; Blaž Kavčič; Igor Poberaj; Dušan Babič

doi:10.1063/1.3608139

Measurement of fluid flow generated by artificial cilia

Biomicrofluidics ◽

10.1063/1.3608139 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 034103 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gašper Kokot ◽

Mojca Vilfan ◽

Natan Osterman ◽

Andrej Vilfan ◽

Blaž Kavčič ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Artificial Cilia

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Fluid flow due to collective non-reciprocal motion of symmetrically-beating artificial cilia

Biomicrofluidics ◽

10.1063/1.3676068 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 014106 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

S. N. Khaderi ◽

J. M. J. den Toonder ◽

P. R. Onck

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Artificial Cilia

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Self-assembled artificial cilia

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0906819106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 1844-1847 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Mojca Vilfan ◽

Anton Potočnik ◽

Blaž Kavčič ◽

Natan Osterman ◽

Igor Poberaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Numerical Simulation ◽

Reynolds Number ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

External Magnetic Field ◽

Low Reynolds Number ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Superparamagnetic Particles ◽

Artificial Cilia ◽

Biomimetic Cilia

Due to their small dimensions, microfluidic devices operate in the low Reynolds number regime. In this case, the hydrodynamics is governed by the viscosity rather than inertia and special elements have to be introduced into the system for mixing and pumping of fluids. Here we report on the realization of an effective pumping device that mimics a ciliated surface and imitates its motion to generate fluid flow. The artificial biomimetic cilia are constructed as long chains of spherical superparamagnetic particles, which self-assemble in an external magnetic field. Magnetic field is also used to actuate the cilia in a simple nonreciprocal manner, resulting in a fluid flow. We prove the concept by measuring the velocity of a cilia-pumped fluid as a function of height above the ciliated surface and investigate the influence of the beating asymmetry on the pumping performance. A numerical simulation was carried out that successfully reproduced the experimentally obtained data.

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Microfluidic propulsion by the metachronal beating of magnetic artificial cilia: a numerical analysis

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/jfm.2011.355 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 688 ◽

pp. 44-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

S. N. Khaderi ◽

J. M. J. den Toonder ◽

P. R. Onck

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Phase Difference ◽

Rotating Magnetic Field ◽

Artificial Cilia ◽

Discrete Nature ◽

Recovery Stroke ◽

Physical Interactions ◽

Metachronal Waves ◽

Considerable Enhancement

AbstractIn this work we study the effect of metachronal waves on the flow created by magnetically driven plate-like artificial cilia in microchannels using numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using a coupled magneto-mechanical solid–fluid computational model that captures the physical interactions between the fluid flow, ciliary deformation and applied magnetic field. When a rotating magnetic field is applied to super-paramagnetic artificial cilia, they mimic the asymmetric motion of natural cilia, consisting of an effective and recovery stroke. When a phase difference is prescribed between neighbouring cilia, metachronal waves develop. Due to the discrete nature of the cilia, the metachronal waves change direction when the phase difference becomes sufficiently large, resulting in antiplectic as well as symplectic metachrony. We show that the fluid flow created by the artificial cilia is significantly enhanced in the presence of metachronal waves and that the fluid flow becomes unidirectional. Antiplectic metachrony is observed to lead to a considerable enhancement in flow compared to symplectic metachrony, when the cilia spacing is small. Obstruction of flow in the direction of the effective stroke for the case of symplectic metachrony was found to be the key mechanism that governs this effect.

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