X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Defects in Cold Worked Type 316 Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Murugesan ◽  
P. Kuppusami ◽  
E. Mohandas ◽  
M. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Alka B. Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Worked

X-ray diffraction analysis of cold-worked Cu-Ni-Si and Cu-Ni-Si-Cr alloys by Rietveld method

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KHEREDDINE ◽  
F. HADJ LARBI ◽  
L. DJEBALA ◽  
H. AZZEDDINE ◽  
B. ALILI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Worked

scholarly journals Investigation of the impact of mechanical activation on synthesis of the MgO-TiO2 system

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Natasa Djordjevic ◽  
Milica Vlahovic ◽  
Sanja Martinovic ◽  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Nenad Vusovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnesium Titanate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a mixture of magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide was mechanically activated in order to investigate the possibility of mechanochemical synthesis of magnesium titanate. Mechanical activation was performed for 1000 min in a high-energy vibro mill (type MH954/3, KHD Humboldt Wedag AG, Germany). The mill is equipped with housing having a horizontally placed shutter. The cylindrical stainless steel working vessel, with inner dimensions of 40 mm in height and 170 mm in diameter, has working elements consisting of two free concentric stainless steel rings with a total weight of 3 kg. The engine power is 0.8 kW. Respecting the optimal amount of powder to be activated of 50-150 g and the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants in the equation presenting the chemical reaction of magnesium titanate synthesis, the starting amounts were 20.2 g (0.5 mol) of MgO and 39.9 g (0.5 mol) TiO2. During the experiments, X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples taken from the reaction system after 60, 180, 330, and 1000 min of mechanical activation was performed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for chemical composition analysis of samples taken at different activation times. Based on the X-ray diffraction analysis results, it can be concluded that the greatest changes in the system took place at the very beginning of the mechanical activation due to the disturbance of the crystal structure of the initial components. X-ray diffraction analysis of the sample after 1000 min of activation showed complete amorphization of the mixture, but diffraction maxima characteristic for magnesium titanate were not identified. Therefore, the mechanical activation experiments were stopped. Evidently, the energy input was not sufficient to overcome the energy barrier to form a new chemical compound - magnesium titanate. The failure to synthesize magnesium titanate is explained by the low negative Gibbs energy value of -25.8 kJ/mol (despite the theoretical possibility that the reaction will happen), as well as by the amount of mechanical energy entered into the system during activation which was insufficient to obtain the reaction product. Although the synthesis of MgTiO3 was not achieved, significant results were obtained which identify models for further investigations of the possibility of mechanochemical reactions of alkaline earth metals and titanium dioxide.

Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coatings for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzoic Acid

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1758-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex H. C. Chan ◽  
John F. Porter ◽  
John P. Barford ◽  
Chak K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Unheated Sample

The effects of thermal treatment on the properties and photoactivities of TiO2 catalysts supported on 316 stainless steel plates were examined. Degussa P-25 was immobilized on 316 stainless steel plates by electrophoretic deposition. These TiO2-coated plates were heated at 473, 673, and 873 K for 1 h. The photoactivities of these TiO2 coatings were determined based on the removal of benzoic acid as the model pollutant. In particular, the photoactivity decreased by 52% in the sample heated at 873 K compared with the unheated sample. The results of x-ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity and the crystallite sizes of the catalysts supported on the plates did not significantly vary with increasing temperature over the range examined. Negligible change in the catalyst phase (the anatase-to-rutile ratio) was indicated from x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. However, it was found that the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the scraped catalysts heated at 873 K decreased by nearly 13% compared with the unheated sample. In addition, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses also detected the presence of Fe3+ ions at the surface of the supported catalysts heated at 873 K. The drop in surface area and the presence of Fe3+ ions at the catalyst surface, which were considered to function as electron–hole recombination centers, were possible factors leading to the drop in the photoactivity exhibited by the sample. A lower temperature for thermal treatment such as 473 K was proposed to ensure the coating stability and the catalyst photoactivity.

X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis of cold worked austenitic stainless steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Murugesan ◽  
P. Kuppusami ◽  
E. Mohandas ◽  
M. Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Worked

X-ray diffraction analysis of texture modification induced by ion beam irradiation in stainless steel films

2004 ◽  
Vol 228 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Goudeau ◽  
J.L. Bechade ◽  
B. Boubeker ◽  
P.-O. Renault ◽  
A. Serrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Beam Irradiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Texture Modification

Quantitative Evaluation of Strain Induced Martensite in STS 316L Stainless Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Kim ◽  
Il Ho Kim ◽  
Ik Keun Park ◽  
C.Y. Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Ae Counts

In the present work, the strain induced martensite in 316L stainless steel was quantitatively characterized by X-ray diffraction, the measurement of the magnetic coercivity and the AE technique during the monotonic tensile deformation of plate specimens. Plate specimens subjected to different heat treatments (i.e. having different initial microstructures) were tensile-deformed and the AE counts obtained during tensile deformation were correlated with the microstructural development. The AE count was observed to increase with increasing amount of strain induced martensite phase, as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential of the AE technique and the measurement of the magnetic coercivity to be used for the evaluation of the tensile deformation was discussed in relation to the existence of strain-induced martensite.

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