Producing a steady-state population inversion

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Richards ◽  
D. C. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Population Inversion ◽  
State Population

Supradegeneracy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Population Inversion ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Boltzmann Factor ◽  
Energy Currents ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractCanonical statistical mechanics hinges on two quantities, i. e., state degeneracy and the Boltzmann factor, the latter of which usually dominates thermodynamic behaviors. A recently identified phenomenon (supradegeneracy) reverses this order of dominance and predicts effects for equilibrium that are normally associated with non-equilibrium, including population inversion and steady-state particle and energy currents. This study examines two thermodynamic paradoxes that arise from supradegeneracy and proposes laboratory experiments by which they might be resolved.

Optimal control of growth coefficient on a steady-state population model

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ding ◽  
H. Finotti ◽  
S. Lenhart ◽  
Y. Lou ◽  
Q. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
State Population

Constraints on the relative sizes of the cell populations in Hydra attenuata

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
H.R. Bode ◽  
K.M. Flick ◽  
P.M. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
State Population ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Hydra Attenuata ◽  
Average Population Size

The steady-state relative population sizes of the several cell populations in Hydra attenuata were examined. In contrast to the constant average population size ratios between groups of animals, these ratios vary within limits between individual animals within a group. By maintaining animals on different feeding regimes (number of shrimp larvae ingested per day), the steady-state population size ratios were altered. The kinds of changes that occurred in these ratios suggest where controls may be operating to maintain the steady-state population sizes.

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