Radiation‐induced frequency offsets and acoustic loss in AT‐cut quartz crystals

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 5095-5104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Frequency Offsets ◽  
Acoustic Loss

Radiation‐induced transient acoustic loss in quartz crystals

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 5205-5210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Koehler ◽  
J. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Acoustic Loss

Modification of Point Defects in Quartz for Device Applications

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. King ◽  
D. R. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Control ◽  
Defect Center ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Impurity Centers ◽  
Acoustic Loss ◽  
Quartz Crystal Resonators ◽  
Hostile Environments

ABSTRACTImpurity centers in quartz play a significant role in the behavior of precision crystal resonators subjected to ionizing radiation. The substitutional Al center, charge compensated by Na, Li, H or a hole, is now known to be the primary contributing factor in most radiation-induced effects. Acoustic loss measurements, ESR measurements, optical studies and IR studies of these defects, over extended temperature ranges, have contributed substantially to our understanding of the impurity centers' role. Radiation-induced frequency and acoustic loss changes in quartz crystal resonators are now understood in terms of the evolving character of the defect center in a radiation field. This understanding has prompted material modification efforts such as high temperature electrolysis and doping technologies which permit, for instance, the fabrication of frequency control devices that are little affected by hostile environments.

Radiation‐induced conductivity in quartz crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jain ◽  
A. S. Nowick
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Radiation Induced
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