Laser heating and melting of thin films with time‐dependent absorptance. II. An exact solution for time intervals greater than the transit time

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 3781-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. El‐Adawi ◽  
S. A. Shalaby ◽  
E. F. Elshehawey ◽  
T. El‐Dessouki
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Exact Solution ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Laser Heating ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Intervals

Progressive Debonding of Multilayer Interconnect Structures

1997 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lane ◽  
Robert Ware ◽  
Steven Voss ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Harry Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Adhesion Energy ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Interface Morphology ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Crack Growth Velocity

ABSTRACTProgressive (or time dependent) debonding of interfaces poses serious problems in interconnect structures involving multilayer thin films stacks. The existence of such subcriticai debonding associated with environmentally assisted crack-growth processes is examined for a TiN/SiO2 interface commonly encountered in interconnect structures. The rate of debond extension is found to be sensitive to the mechanical driving force as well as the interface morphology, chemistry, and yielding of adjacent ductile layers. In order to investigate the effect of interconnect structure, particularly the effect of an adjacent ductile Al-Cu layer, on subcriticai debonding along the TiN/SiO2 interface, a set of samples was prepared with Al-Cu layer thicknesses varying from 0.2–4.0 μm. All other processing conditions remained the same over the entire sample run. Results showed that for a given crack growth velocity, the debond driving force scaled with Al-Cu layer thickness. Normalizing the data by the critical adhesion energy allowed a universal subcriticai debond rate curve to be derived.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Field Effect in Three-Dimensional Lead-Halide Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Reddy Pininti ◽  
James M. Ball ◽  
Munirah D. Albaqami ◽  
Annamaria Petrozza ◽  
Mario Caironi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Semiconductor Thin Films ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide ◽  
Dependent Field

scholarly journals Evaluation of spermicidal activity of saponosides from Saponaria officinalis / Caryophyllaceae, Glycyrrhizia glabra / Fabaceae and Herniaria glabra / Caryophyllaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Réda Sefrioui ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Othmani ◽  
Halima Filali ◽  
Sanae Derfoufi ◽  
Soufiane Derraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Time Dependent Effect ◽  
Sperm Mobility ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Saponaria Officinalis

Background and objective. Chemical spermicides currently marketed and widely used are known to have many side effects. Thereby, and in order to look for more tolerated natural spermicidal agents, the aim of this work was to evaluate the spermicidal potential of saponin extracts from the roots of Saponaria officinalis / Caryophyllaceae, Glycyrrhizia glabra / Fabaceae, and Herniaria glabra / Caryophyllaceae by studying their in vitro effects on sperm mobility and vitality. Methods. Methanolic saponin extracts from the plants roots were performed. Sperm suspensions were prepared by centrifugation on a PureSperm® density gradient (70 and 45%) and incubated with various concentrations of saponin extracts (50, 250, 500 and 750 mg/mL) at 37°C. The spermicidal activity was evaluated by studying the mobility and vitality of spermatozoa at different time intervals ranging from 10 to 240 minutes. Results. A dose and time dependent effect on sperm mobility and vitality was observed for our extracts. Extracts from Saponaria officinalis roots induced an irreversible immobilization and a total non-viability of sperm within 10 minutes at a concentration of 750 mg/mL. A similar effect was observed within 30 minutes at 750 mg/mL for Herniaria glabra extract and within 90 minutes at 500 mg/ml for Glycyrrhizia glabra extract. Conclusion. The results of our study showed that the saponin extracts of our plants roots possess potent in vitro dose and time dependant spermicidal effect. These natural products could therefore represent a safer and better tolerated alternative to chemical spermicides.

scholarly journals The Two-Phase Hell-Shaw Flow: Construction of an Exact Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
K.R. Malaikah
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Velocity Potential ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Phase Problem ◽  
Complex Velocity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Interface Evolution ◽  
Complex Velocity Potential ◽  
Branch Cuts

We consider a two-phase Hele-Shaw cell whether or not the gap thickness is time-dependent. We construct an exact solution in terms of the Schwarz function of the interface for the two-phase Hele-Shaw flow. The derivation is based upon the single-valued complex velocity potential instead of the multiple-valued complex potential. As a result, the construction is applicable to the case of the time-dependent gap. In addition, there is no need to introduce branch cuts in the computational domain. Furthermore, the interface evolution in a two-phase problem is closely linked to its counterpart in a one-phase problem

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