Liquid lithium ion source: Nonlinear behavior of liquid surface in electric field

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 3821-3824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian L. Pregenzer ◽  
Barry M. Marder
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Liquid Lithium

Study on Charge and Discharge Phenomenon of Lithium Ion Battery under High Electric Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-655
Author(s):  
Shoki Tsuji ◽  
Yoji Fujita ◽  
Hiroaki Urushibata ◽  
Akihiko Kono ◽  
Ryoichi Hanaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Electric Field

scholarly journals Impact of Relaxation Time on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of the Most Common Lithium Battery Technologies—Experimental Study and Chemistry-Neutral Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Md Sazzad Hosen ◽  
Rahul Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Theodoros Kalogiannis ◽  
Joris Jaguemont ◽  
Joeri Van Mierlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Rest Time

In electrified vehicle applications, understanding the battery characteristics is of great importance as it is the state-of-art principal energy source. The key battery parameters can be identified by one of the robust and nondestructive characterization techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, relaxing the battery cell before performing the EIS method is crucial for the characterization results to be standardized. In this study, the three most common and commercially available lithium-ion technologies (NMC/graphite, LFP/graphite, NCA/LTO) are investigated at 15–45 °C temperature, in the range of 20–80% state of charge (SoC) and in fresh and aged state of health (SoH) conditions. The analysis shows that the duration of the relaxation time before impedance measurement has an impact on the battery’s nonlinear behavior. A rest time of 2 h can be proposed, irrespective of battery health condition, considering neutral technology-based impedance measurement. An impedance growth in ohmic and charge transfer characteristics was found, due to aging, and the effect of rest periods was also analyzed from an electrochemical standpoint. This experimental data was fitted to develop an empirical model, which can predict the nonlinear dynamics of lithium technologies with a 4–8% relative error for longer rest time.

Low‐divergence, high‐brightness lithium ion source for plasma diagnostics

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Thomas ◽  
W. P. West ◽  
K. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Diagnostics ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
High Brightness

scholarly journals Development and testing of a lithium ion source and injector

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Seidl ◽  
W. W. Greenway ◽  
D. P. Grote ◽  
J-Y. Jung ◽  
J. W. Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ion Source

Investigations of PMN-PT Single Crystal Performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia G. DeGiorgi ◽  
E. P. Gorzkowski ◽  
M.-J. Pan ◽  
M. A. Qidwai ◽  
Stephanie A. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Poling Direction

Application of new materials, such as PMN-PT single crystals, requires a good understanding of basic material performance under both electrical and mechanical loading. Over the past 5 years the authors have used both computational and experimental techniques to examine the relationships between poling direction, crystal orientation, and electric field actuation. Experiments show mixed results indicating that the relationship between material orientation and loading is more complex than originally imagined. In some cases crack initiation and propagation perpendicular to the applied field was observed within a few thousand cycles but in other cases no failure was observed even after a few hundred thousand cycles despite crack growth in the presence of introduced defects. Computational effort quickly identified a gap between development of theoretical constitutive models that addressed domain switching based nonlinear behavior and what was available in workable form as part of commercial finite element codes. This led to the implementation of a macro-mechanical constitutive model which addresses domain switching, into a commercially available finite element code. The rate independent version has been used to investigate issues of electric field actuation and poling direction. Presented here are insights into the fracture and fatigue behavior of piezoelectric single crystals from both experimental and computational studies.

scholarly journals A Non-Dissipative Equalizer with Fast Energy Transfer Based on Adaptive Balancing Current Control

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Shun-Chung Wang ◽  
Chun-Yu Liu ◽  
Yi-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Voltage Difference ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Circuit Component ◽  
Transfer Stage

In this study, an active inductive equalizer with fast energy transfer based on adaptive balancing current control is proposed to rapidly equilibrate lithium-ion battery packs. A multiphase structure of equalizer formed by many specific parallel converter legs (PCLs) with bidirectional energy conversion serves as the power transfer stage to make the charge shuttle back and forth between the cell and sub-pack or sub-pack and sub-pack more flexible and efficient. This article focuses on dealing with the problem of slow balancing rate, which inherently arises from the reduction of balancing current as the voltage difference between the cells or sub-packs decreases, especially in the later period of equalization. An adaptive varied-duty-cycle (AVDC) algorithm is put forward here to accelerate the balance process. The devised method has taken the battery nonlinear behavior and the nonideality of circuit component into consideration and can adaptively modulate the duty cycle with the change of voltage differences to maintain balancing current nearly constant in the whole equilibrating procedure. Test results derived from simulations and experiments are provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the equalizer prototype constructed. Comparing with the conventional fixed duty cycle (FDC) method, the improvements of 68.3% and 8.3% in terms of balance time and efficiency have been achieved.

Advances and Prospects of Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries via One‐to‐One Comparison with Conventional Liquid Lithium Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (29) ◽  
pp. 1900376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyomyung Lee ◽  
Pilgun Oh ◽  
Junhyeok Kim ◽  
Hyungyeon Cha ◽  
Sujong Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Lithium ◽  
One To One

scholarly journals Hydrothermal synthesis and adsorption behavior of H4Ti5O12 nanorods along [100] as lithium ion-sieves

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 35153-35163
Author(s):  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
Fangren Qian ◽  
Zhiqiang Qian ◽  
Naicai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Liquid Lithium ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Methods

H4Ti5O12 nanorods were successfully prepared by hydrothermal methods followed by a calcination process. Batch experiments indicate that the nanorod adsorbent is a promising adsorbent to recover lithium from liquid lithium resources.

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