Revisiting the Generalization of Entropy for Non-positive Distribution: Application for Exponent Spectra Analysis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis L. Kalaidzidis ◽  
Oxana Gopta ◽  
Inna V. Kalaidzidis ◽  
Paul M. Goggans ◽  
Chun-Yong Chan
Keyword(s):  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Positive Distribution

Pemanfaatan Cangkang Pensi (Corbicula Moltkiana) sebagai Bahan Penyerap Zat Warna Rhodamin B Dalam Larutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmiana Zein ◽  
Mutia Khuratul Aini ◽  
Hermansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Rhodamin B ◽  
Model Isotherm

Biosorpsi zat warna Rhodamine B menggunakan cangkang Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) telah dikaji. Percobaan dilakukan dengan system batch guna memperoleh kondisi optimum biosorspi zat warna. Kapasitas biosorpsi zat warna pada pH 2 adalah 0.9958 mg/g, dengan konsentrasi larutan mula-mula 150 mg/L waktu kontak 105 menit, massa biosorben 0.1 g, ukuran partikel 32 µm dan temperature pengeringan biosorben pada 75oC. Model isotherm Langmuir menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerapan berlangsung secara kimia dan biosorpsi homogeny dari adsorbat (Rhodamine B) pada permukaan biosorben membentuk lapisan tunggal dengan nilai R2 0.9966. Analisis XRF menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kadar unsur logam pada cangkang Pensi membuktikan bahwa proses biosorpsi berlangsung dengan pertukaran kation. Hasil analisis spektrum FT-IR membuktikan adanya interaksi antaramolekul Rhodamin B dengan gugus fungsi pada cangkang Pensi. Analisis dengan SEM memperlihatkan bahwa pori-pori cangkang Pensi telah terisi penuh oleh molekul Rhodamin B. Kondisi optimum biosorpsi telah diaplikasikan pada limbah kerupuk merah dengan kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 0,2835 mg/g.   The biosorption of Rhodamine B dyes by Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) shell has been investigated. The experiment was conducted in batch sistem in order to obtain the optimum conditions of dye biosorption. Biosorption capacity of dye was 0.9958 mg/g at pH 2, initial concentration 150 mg/L, contact time 105 minutes, biosorbent mass 0.1 gram, particle size 32 µ m and biosorbent drying temperature was at 75oC. The Langmuir Isotherm model showed chemisorption and homogeneous biosorption process of adsorbates onto the biosorbent surface formed monolayer dye molecules on the biosorbent surface with R2 value was 0.9966. XRF analysis showed that reduction of metals unsure quantity of pensi shell indicated biosorption process was occupied through cationic exchange. The result of FTIR spectra analysis indicated an interaction between Rhodamin B molecules and functional group of pensi shell. SEM analysis showed that the pensi shell pores were completely filled by Rhodamine B molecules. The optimum condition of biosorption has been aplicated in red chips wastewater industry with biosorption capacity was 0.2835 mg/g.

TRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF SIXTEEN STRAINS OF MARINE DIATOM

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily M.G. Panggabean ◽  
Abdullah Rasyid ◽  
Zarrah Duniani ◽  
Yana Meliana ◽  
Indah Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectra Analysis

Trigliceride or triacylglicerol (TAG) composition in crude oil of sixteen strain of marine diatom has been detected by spectra analyses on an Electrospray - Ion Trap – Mass Spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS) HCT Bruker-Daltonic GmbH instrument with AgNO3 used as coordination ionization agent. Biomass samples of each microalga strain were taken from early and late stationary cultures in f/2 enriched seawater and algal oils were extracted according to Bligh and Dyer. Results from spectra analysis showed that P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0) were distinguished in TAG from diatom strains Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.1, Thalasiossira sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.3, Navicula sp. 1, Navicula sp. 2, Navicula sp. 3, Navicula sp. 4, Nitzschia sp. 2 and Amphora sp. In contrast, TAGs in Melosira sp. included P-P-P (C16:0-C16:0-C16:0) and P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1) were identified. TAGs from Chaetoceros sp. were the most varies among samples, i.e. P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), A-P-M (C20:4-C16:0-C14:0), P-Pt-Lt (C16:0-C16:1-C18:3), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4), D-P-P (C22:6-C16:0-C16:0), A-Ln-P (C20:4-C18:2-C16:0). Various TAGs were also detected in Nitzschia sp.2, i.e. P-Pt-M (C16:0-C16:1-C14:0), P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), P-Pt-S (C16:0-C16:1-C18:0), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4). TAGs composition in Skeletonema strains that similar to those in Nitzschia sp.1 has longer carbon, i.e. P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1), P-O-O (C16:0-C18:1-C18:1) and O-O-O (C18:1-C18:1-C18:1). TAGs with longer carbon chain and more double bond including highly unsaturated fatty acid C20:4 were increased with culture age in diatoms Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.2, Navicula sp.1 and Nitzschia sp. 2.Keywords: diatom, TAG, ESI-IT-MS, f/2, early and late stationary

Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Degradation Using Doped TiO2 Functionalized Zeolite Photocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ihos ◽  
Corneliu Bogatu ◽  
Carmen Lazau ◽  
Florica Manea ◽  
Rodica Pode
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compound

The aim of this study was the investigation of photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds using doped TiO2 functionalized zeolite photocatalyst. Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that represents a biorefractory micropollutant, was chosen as model of pharmaceutically active compound. The photocatalyst was Z-TiO2-Ag. The concentration of DCF in the working solutions was 10 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and of photocatalyst 1 g/L in any experiments. The process was monitored by recording the UV spectra of the treated solutions and total organic carbon (TOC) determination. The UV spectra analysis and TOC removal proved that along the advanced degradation of DCF also a mineralization process occurred. The carried out research provided useful information envisaging the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents by photocatalysis.

Detection of Metal Toxicity Using Natural Phytoplankton as Test Organisms in the Great Lakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Mohiddin Munawari ◽  
Milos Legner
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
System Response ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Natural Phytoplankton

Abstract This paper presents an overview of techniques utilizing natural phytoplankton for the detection of metal-Induced stress in the Great Lakes. Both field and laboratory procedures are designed to evaluate either structural changes or functional response of test organisms. This up-to-date compendium provides a choice of techniques, which permits a holistic assessment of the stress caused by toxic metals. Recently introduced techniques, such as normalized size spectra analysis, flow cytometry, and the evaluation of a continuous-flow system response to metal toxicity, are discussed in more detail to explore their future potential. Owing to their key position in the food web, high turnover rates, abundance, and sensitivity to environmental perturbation, phytoplankton serve as reliable early warning indicators of ecosystem deterioration and its restoration.

scholarly journals Terahertz Photoconductivity Spectra of Electrodeposited Thin Bi Films

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Ignas Nevinskas ◽  
Zenius Mockus ◽  
Remigijus Juškėnas ◽  
Ričardas Norkus ◽  
Algirdas Selskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Thz Radiation ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Optical Pulses ◽  
Electrolyte Additive ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Carrier Scattering ◽  
Bismuth Films ◽  
Triton X

Electron dynamics in the polycrystalline bismuth films were investigated by measuring emitted terahertz (THz) radiation pulses after their photoexcitation by tunable wavelength femtosecond duration optical pulses. Bi films were grown on metallic Au, Pt, and Ag substrates by the electrodeposition method with the Triton X-100 electrolyte additive, which allowed us to obtain more uniform films with consistent grain sizes on any substrate. It was shown that THz pulses are generated due to the spatial separation of photoexcited electrons and holes diffusing from the illuminated surface at different rates. The THz photoconductivity spectra analysis has led to a conclusion that the thermalization of more mobile carriers (electrons) is dominated by the carrier–carrier scattering rather than by their interaction with the lattice.

scholarly journals Impact of the Type of Crosslinking Agents on the Properties of Modified Sodium Alginate/Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2381
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bialik-Wąs ◽  
Ewelina Królicka ◽  
Dagmara Malina
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Here, we report on studies on the influence of different crosslinking methods (ionic and chemical) on the physicochemical (swelling ability and degradation in simulated body fluids), structural (FT-IR spectra analysis) and morphological (SEM analysis) properties of SA/PVA hydrogels containing active substances of natural origin. First, an aqueous extract of Echinacea purpurea was prepared using a Soxhlet apparatus. Next, a series of modified SA/PVA-based hydrogels were obtained through the chemical crosslinking method using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 700 g/mol) as a crosslinking agent and, additionally, the ionic reaction in the presence of a 5% w/v calcium chloride solution. The compositions of SA/PVA/E. purpurea-based hydrogels contained a polymer of natural origin—sodium alginate (SA, 1.5% solution)—and a synthetic polymer—poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mn = 72,000 g/mol, 10% solution)—in the ratio 2:1, and different amounts of the aqueous extract of E. purpurea—5, 10, 15 or 20% (v/v). Additionally, the release behavior of echinacoside from the polymeric matrix was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. The results indicate that the type of the crosslinking method has a direct impact on the release profile. Consequently, it is possible to design a system that delivers an active substance in a way that depends on the application.

scholarly journals Creation of Lunar and Hermean analogue mineral powder samples for solar wind irradiation experiments and mid-infrared spectra analysis

Icarus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 114492
Author(s):  
Noah Jäggi ◽  
André Galli ◽  
Peter Wurz ◽  
Herbert Biber ◽  
Paul Stefan Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Mineral Powder

scholarly journals Chimera Spectrum Diagnostics for Peptides Using Two-Dimensional Partial Covariance Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3728
Author(s):  
Taran Driver ◽  
Nikhil Bachhawat ◽  
Leszek J. Frasinski ◽  
Jonathan P. Marangos ◽  
Vitali Averbukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Peptide Ions ◽  
Finite Mass ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Fragment Ions ◽  
Single Precursor ◽  
The Common

The rate of successful identification of peptide sequences by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is adversely affected by the common occurrence of co-isolation and co-fragmentation of two or more isobaric or isomeric parent ions. This results in so-called `chimera spectra’, which feature peaks of the fragment ions from more than a single precursor ion. The totality of the fragment ion peaks in chimera spectra cannot be assigned to a single peptide sequence, which contradicts a fundamental assumption of the standard automated MS/MS spectra analysis tools, such as protein database search engines. This calls for a diagnostic method able to identify chimera spectra to single out the cases where this assumption is not valid. Here, we demonstrate that, within the recently developed two-dimensional partial covariance mass spectrometry (2D-PC-MS), it is possible to reliably identify chimera spectra directly from the two-dimensional fragment ion spectrum, irrespective of whether the co-isolated peptide ions are isobaric up to a finite mass accuracy or isomeric. We introduce ‘3-57 chimera tag’ technique for chimera spectrum diagnostics based on 2D-PC-MS and perform numerical simulations to examine its efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate the detection of a mixture of two isomeric parent ions, even under conditions when one isomeric peptide is at one five-hundredth of the molar concentration of the second isomer.

scholarly journals Combined treatment of hydroxypropyl guar gum in oilfield fracturing wastewater by coagulation and the UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate complexes process

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenchao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Guar ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum

Abstract Hydroxypropyl guar gum is considered to be a main component of oilfield fracturing wastewater (OFW). This work is intended to optimize the experimental conditions for the maximum oxidative degradation of hydroxypropyl guar gum by the coagulation and UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate complexes process. Optimal reaction conditions were proposed based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and UV_vis spectra analysis. The overall removal efficiency of COD reached 83.8% for a dilution ratio of raw wastewater of 1:2, pH of 4 and FeCl3 loading of 1,000 mg/L in the coagulation process; the dosage of H2O2 (30%,v/v) was 0.6% (v/v) and added in three steps, the n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+) was 2:1, n(Fe2+)/n(C2O42−) was 3:1 and pH was 4 in the UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate complexes process; pH was adjusted to 8.5–9 by NaOH and then cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) of 2 mg/L was added in the neutralization and flocculation process. The decrease in COD during the coagulation process reduced the required H2O2 dosage and improved efficiency in the subsequent UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate complexes process. Furthermore, COD removal efficiency significantly increased by more than 13.4% with the introduction of oxalate compared with UV/Fenton. The UV_vis spectra analysis results indicated that the coagulation and UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate complexes process could efficiently remove the hydroxypropyl guar gum dissolved in OFW. An optimal combination of these parameters produced treated wastewater that met the GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard level III emission standard.

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