On the primary energy distribution and the EBL limits from TeV Blazars

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meli ◽  
T. Kneiske ◽  
J. K. Becker ◽  
Felix A. Aharonian ◽  
Werner Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Primary Energy

scholarly journals Time-varying motor control strategy for proximal-to-distal sequential energy distribution: Insights from baseball pitching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Naito
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Collegiate Baseball ◽  
Work Production

The importance of a proximal-to-distal (P-D) sequential motion in baseball pitching is generally accepted; however, the mechanisms behind this sequential motion and motor control theories that explain which factor transfers mechanical energy between the trunk and arm segments are not completely understood. This study aimed to identify the energy distribution mechanisms among the segments and determine the effect of the P-D sequence on the mechanical efficiency of the throwing movement, focusing on the time-varying motor control. The throwing motions of 16 male collegiate baseball pitchers were measured by a motion capture system. An induced power analysis was used to decompose the system mechanical energy into its muscular and interactive torque-dependent components. The results showed that the P-D sequential energy flow during the movement was mainly attributed to three different joint controls of the energy-generation and muscular torque- and centrifugal force-induced energy-transfer. The trunk muscular torques provided the primary energy sources of the system mechanical energy, and the shoulder and elbow joints played the roles of the energy-transfer effect. The mechanical energy expenditure on the throwing hand and ball accounted for 72.7% of the total muscle work generated by the trunk and arm joints (329.2 J). In conclusion, the P-D sequence of the throwing motion is an effective way to utilize the proximal joints as the energy source and reduce muscular work production of the distal joints. This movement control assists in efficient throwing, and is consistent with the theory of the leading joint hypothesis.

Primary energy distribution in the products of the reaction F + HBr .fwdarw. HF(v') + Br

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 (14) ◽  
pp. 3110-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Aker ◽  
D. J. Donaldson ◽  
J. J. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Primary Energy

Energy distribution of protons with primary energy of 15 keV backscattered from a Ni single crystal

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Eckstein ◽  
H. G. Schäffler ◽  
H. Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Primary Energy

The dynamics of the reaction of F atoms with trans-diimide

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Back ◽  
P. S. Neudorfl ◽  
J. J. Sloan ◽  
P. T. Wassell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
Vibrational Distribution

Emission from the HF product of the reaction F + N2H2 has been measured in an arrested-relaxation infrared chemiluminescence experiment. The vibrational distribution is inverted, peaking in HF(ν′ = 2). This energy partitioning indicates that the reaction occurs without the formation of a long-lived intermediate species. The detailed shape of the primary energy distribution could not be determined due to severe difficulties in the production of N2H2.

Energy Distribution in Electron Beams

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Integral Curve ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Angular Divergence ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Integral Width ◽  
The Cross

The energy distribution in an electron; beam from an electron gun provided with a biased Wehnelt cylinder was measured by a retarding potential analyser. All the measurements were carried out with a beam of small angular divergence (<3xl0-4 rad) to eliminate the apparent increase of energy width as pointed out by Ichinokawa.The cross section of the beam from a gun with a tungsten hairpin cathode varies as shown in Fig.1a with the bias voltage Vg. The central part of the beam was analysed. An example of the integral curve as well as the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.2. The integral width of the spectrum ΔEi varies with Vg as shown in Fig.1b The width ΔEi is smaller than the Maxwellian width near the cut-off. As |Vg| is decreased, ΔEi increases beyond the Maxwellian width, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Note that the cross section of the beam enlarges with decreasing |Vg|.

Ultrastructural alterations in the fetal mouse myocardium in response to genetic and environmental factors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
K.C. Feng-Chen ◽  
F.B. Essien ◽  
K.J. Prestwidge ◽  
J.T. Cheng ◽  
C.L. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetically Determined

The physiology of the fetal heart differs significantly from that of the mature post-natal organ: e.g., the metabolic supply for adult cardiac contraction relies mainly on fatty acids; whereas, the fetal heart uses carbohydrates as its primary energy source. Limited morphological descriptions of the developing myocardium have appeared. However, additional studies are required to elucidate the ultrastructural changes occuring in the perinatal period when enormous physiological adjustments are made. Although adult animals are most often used in toxocological and pathological analyses, it is also important to investigate fetal cardiac responsiveness to various agents. The vulnerability of the ultrastructure of the fetal mouse myocardium to genetic and environmental assault is the subject of this report. The genetically determined effect on the heart was observed in mouse embryos homozygous for the cab (cardiac abnormality) mutation discovered by Essien.

Magnetic energy distribution in polycrystalline sputtered CoCr magnetic thin films

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
J. F. Al-Sharab ◽  
J. E. Wittig ◽  
G. Bertero ◽  
T. Yamashita ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films
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