Continuous‐Wave Chemical Laser Requires No External Energy Source

Physics Today ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Chemical Laser ◽  
External Energy Source

Concept for a gas-cell-driven drug delivery system for therapeutic applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (12) ◽  
pp. 1196-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Becker ◽  
T Xu ◽  
F Ilchmann ◽  
J Eisler ◽  
B Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Micro Pump ◽  
Drug Reservoir ◽  
External Energy Source

This paper presents a concept for an implantable micro-pump based on hydrogen- generating gas cells. The gas-generating cell is separated from the drug reservoir by an expandable latex membrane. The system offers linear drug delivery with flowrates ranging from 8 nl/s to 2 μl/s and a total delivery volume of up to 160 ml. Drugs can be dispensed over a wide backpressure range. The device is scalable based on the size of the gas-producing cell and requires no external energy source. Possible fields of application include in vivo local drug delivery for chemotherapy, diabetes, and pain management.

The growth of a turbulent patch in a stratified fluid

1988 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harindra J. S. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Stratified Fluid ◽  
Buoyancy Frequency ◽  
External Energy ◽  
External Energy Source ◽  
Vertical Size

The behaviour of a turbulent region generated within a linearly-stratified fluid by an external energy source has been studied experimentally. A monoplanar grid that generated small-amplitude oscillations was used as the energy source. The results show that the mixed layer initially grows rapidly, as in an unstratified fluid, but when its physical vertical size becomes rf ∼ (K1/N)½, at a time tf ≈ 4.0 N−1, where N is the buoyancy frequency and K1 is the ‘action’ of the grid, the buoyancy forces become dominant and drastically reduce further vertical growth of the patch. While the patch size remains at rf, a well-defined density interfacial layer is formed at the entrainment interface. An important feature of the interfacial layer is the presence of internal waves, excited by the mixed-layer turbulence. If the grid oscillations are continuously maintained, the interfacial waves break and cause turbulent mixing, thereby increasing the size of the patch beyond rf at a very slow rate. Theoretical estimates are made for the growth characteristics and are compared with the experimental results.

Controlling nanoflake motion using stiffness gradients on hexagonal boron nitride

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (56) ◽  
pp. 51205-51210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Becton ◽  
Xianqiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
External Energy ◽  
External Energy Source ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the possibility of generating motion from stiffness gradients with no external energy source.

scholarly journals Biofunctionalized self-propelled micromotors as an alternative on-chip concentrating system

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 2914-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Restrepo-Pérez ◽  
Lluís Soler ◽  
Cynthia Martínez-Cisneros ◽  
Samuel Sánchez ◽  
Oliver G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
External Energy ◽  
System P ◽  
External Energy Source ◽  
On Chip

Biofunctionalized self-propelled micromotors combined with microchips are alternative concentrating systems. No external energy source is required, facilitating integration and miniaturization.

scholarly journals Influence of strain energy released from a test machine on rock failure process

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Xu ◽  
M. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Rock Failure ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Rock Failure Process ◽  
External Energy Source ◽  
Unstable Rock

Rock instability occurs if the energy supplied to the rock failure process is excessive. The theoretical analysis on the energy transfer in the process of rock failure revealed that the rock failure process is a result of the strain energy released from the test machine or the surrounding rock masses of wall rock, plus the additional energy input from an external energy source if the deformation of the rock is continued and driven by the external energy source. The strain energy released from the test machine is the focus in this study because it is responsible for some of the unstable rock failures in laboratory testing. A finite element method (FEM)-based numerical experiment was carried out to study the strain energy released from test machines under different loading conditions of loading system stiffness (LSS). The modeling results demonstrated that depending on the LSS of a test machine, the strain energy released from the test machine alone without additional energy supply can drastically affect the rock failure process. The insight gained from this study can explain unstable rock failure in laboratory tests and the mechanism of some delayed rockbursts that occurred sometime after the excavation of the openings.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans strains on sphalerite concentrate from mining waste

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Lina M. Miranda Arroyave ◽  
Marco Antonio Márquez Godoy ◽  
Luz Marina Ocampo Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Leptospirillum Ferrooxidans ◽  
External Energy Source ◽  
High Concentrations

One of the main characteristics of the microorganisms used in the leaching process is their capacity to adapt to aggressive environments, characterized by a notable presence of heavy metals. In this study the adaptation of the strains Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans was evaluated on a sphalerite concentrate from mining waste. In the adaptation tests, the energy source (ferrous sulphate) was gradually replaced by percentages of mineral pulp, ending with subcultures without the addition of an external energy source. The results show that the strains A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans are more resistant to high concentrations of sphalerite, compared to the strain of L. ferrooxidans, since, in the case of this strain, it was necessary to repeat some tests (8% of pulp), since a deficient development was evident. This was associated with factors such as the decrease of the Fe+2 energy source, the increase of the pulp density, the accumulation of toxic metals and secondary products of the dissolution of minerals and the increase of the pH.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN POMPA HIDRAM UNTUK MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang ◽  
Heru Dwi Wahjono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Small Height ◽  
Filling Water ◽  
External Energy Source

Environmental contamination and global climate change cause degradation of  fresh water in the whole world. Increasing of oil price also insist the water treatment operational cost rise, especially for pumping and water lifting from the low land areas to up land. One of alternatif solution to reduce operational cost is using Hydraulic ram pumps (hydram pump). Hydram pump are water-lifting devices that are powered by filling water. Such pumps work by using the energy of water falling a small height to lift a small part of that amount of water to a much greater height. In this way, water from a spring or stream in a valley can be pumped to a village or irrigation scheme on the hillside. The main and unique advantage of hydram pumps is that with a continuous flow of water, a hydram pump operates automatically and continuously with no other external energy source - be it electricity or hydrocarbon fuel. It uses a renewable energy source (stream of water) mid hence ensures low running cost. Minimum up lifting vertical power of pump is twice than vertical distance of water down and maximum up lifting vertical  power is twenty times than vertical distance of water down.   If there are air captured in distribution pipe, it will need release valve. In this paper, different aspect of designing a hydraulic-rain pump system is discussed. Application and limitation of hydram pump is presented. It imparts absolutely no harm to the environment Hydraulic ram pumps are simple, reliable and require minimal maintenance. All these advantages make hydram pumps suitable to rural community water supply and mud backyard irrigation in developing countries. Kata Kunci : Air bersih pedesaan, pompa hidram, pengelolaan air bersih.

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