Proton-beam driven fast ignition of inertially confined fuels: Reduction of the ignition energy by the use of two proton beams with radially shaped profiles

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 052702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Temporal ◽  
J. J. Honrubia ◽  
S. Atzeni
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Ignition Energy ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
Fuels Reduction

scholarly journals Studies on laser-driven generation of fast high-density plasma blocks for fast ignition

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BADZIAK ◽  
S. GŁOWACZ ◽  
H. HORA ◽  
S. JABŁOŃSKI ◽  
J. WOŁOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
High Density ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Fast Ignitor ◽  
Ignition Threshold ◽  
Density Plasma

The properties of plasma (proton) block driven by the laser-induced skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration (S-LPA) mechanism are discussed. It is shown that the proton density of the plasma block is about a thousand times higher than that of the proton beam produced by the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Such a high-density plasma (proton) block can be considered as a fast ignitor of fusion targets. The estimates show that using the S-LPA driven plasma block, the ignition threshold for precompressed DT fuel can be reached at the ps laser energy ≤ 100 kJ.

scholarly journals Transport of megaelectron volt protons for fast ignition

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. DEUTSCH
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Proton Beams

Quasi-linear analysis demonstrates that intense and nonrelativistic proton beams do not lose collectively their kinetic energy through transverse Weibel electromagnetic instabilities when interacting with supercompressed plasmas of inertial confinement interest.

scholarly journals Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieru Ren ◽  
Zhigang Deng ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Benzheng Chen ◽  
Bubo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Proton Beams

Abstract Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion.

Fast Ignition by a Proton Beam and Burning of a DT Cylindrical Shell Target

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 830-849
Author(s):  
A. A. Frolova ◽  
K. V. Khishchenko ◽  
A. A. Charakhch’yan
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Fast Ignition

scholarly journals Effect of inside diameter of tip on proton beam produced by intense laser pulse on double-layer cone targets

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjuan Wu ◽  
Weimin Zhou ◽  
Lianqiang Shan ◽  
Zongqing Zhao ◽  
Jinqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Inside Diameter ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Cone Target ◽  
Beam Characteristics

AbstractThe laser-driven acceleration of proton beams from a double-layer cone target, comprised of a cone shaped high-Z material target with a low density proton layer, is investigated via two-dimensional fully relativistic electro-magnetic particle-in-cell simulations. The dependence of the inside diameter (ID) of the tip size of a double-layer cone target on proton beam characteristics is demonstrated. Our results show that the peak energy of proton beams significantly increases and the divergence angle decreases with decreasing ID size. This can be explained by the combined effects of a stronger laser field that is focused inside the cone target and a larger laser interaction area by reducing the ID size.

scholarly journals Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charnay Cunningham ◽  
Maryna de Kock ◽  
Monique Engelbrecht ◽  
Xanthene Miles ◽  
Jacobus Slabbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Dose

The number of proton therapy facilities and the clinical usage of high energy proton beams for cancer treatment has substantially increased over the last decade. This is mainly due to the superior dose distribution of proton beams resulting in a reduction of side effects and a lower integral dose compared to conventional X-ray radiotherapy. More recently, the usage of metallic nanoparticles as radiosensitizers to enhance radiotherapy is receiving growing attention. While this strategy was originally intended for X-ray radiotherapy, there is currently a small number of experimental studies indicating promising results for proton therapy. However, most of these studies used low proton energies, which are less applicable to clinical practice; and very small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Therefore, this proof of principle study evaluates the radiosensitization effect of larger AuNPs in combination with a 200 MeV proton beam. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/ml of 50 nm AuNPs for 4 hours before irradiation with a clinical proton beam at NRF iThemba LABS. AuNP internalization was confirmed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, showing a random distribution of AuNPs throughout the cytoplasm of the cells and even some close localization to the nuclear membrane. The combined exposure to AuNPs and protons resulted in an increase in cell killing, which was 27.1% at 2 Gy and 43.8% at 6 Gy, compared to proton irradiation alone, illustrating the radiosensitizing potential of AuNPs. Additionally, cells were irradiated at different positions along the proton depth-dose curve to investigate the LET-dependence of AuNP radiosensitization. An increase in cytogenetic damage was observed at all depths for the combined treatment compared to protons alone, but no incremental increase with LET could be determined. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of 50 nm AuNPs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of proton therapy.

scholarly journals Catheter-Free Arrhythmia Ablation Using Scanned Proton Beams

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Amanda J. Deisher ◽  
Maryam E. Rettmann ◽  
H. Immo Lehmann ◽  
Stephan Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Proton Beams ◽  
Atrioventricular Junction ◽  
Active Caspase

Background: Proton beam therapy offers radiophysical properties that are appealing for noninvasive arrhythmia elimination. This study was conducted to use scanned proton beams for ablation of cardiac tissue, investigate electrophysiological outcomes, and characterize the process of lesion formation in a porcine model using particle therapy. Methods: Twenty-five animals received scanned proton beam irradiation. ECG-gated computed tomography scans were acquired at end-expiration breath hold. Structures (atrioventricular junction or left ventricular myocardium) and organs at risk were contoured. Doses of 30, 40, and 55 Gy were delivered during expiration to the atrioventricular junction (n=5) and left ventricular myocardium (n=20) of intact animals. Results: In this study, procedural success was tracked by pacemaker interrogation in the atrioventricular junction group, time-course magnetic resonance imaging in the left ventricular group, and correlation of lesion outcomes displayed in gross and microscopic pathology. Protein extraction (active caspase-3) was performed to investigate tissue apoptosis. Doses of 40 and 55 Gy caused slowing and interruption of cardiac impulse propagation at the atrioventricular junction. In 40 left ventricular irradiated targets, all lesions were identified on magnetic resonance after 12 weeks, being consistent with outcomes from gross pathology. In the majority of cases, lesion size plateaued between 12 and 16 weeks. Active caspase-3 was seen in lesions 12 and 16 weeks after irradiation but not after 20 weeks. Conclusions: Scanned proton beams can be used as a tool for catheter-free ablation, and time-course of tissue apoptosis was consistent with lesion maturation.

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