Prospects of Space Weather Prediction Based on Solar Proton Events

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Gerontidou
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Energetic Solar Particle Access to the Near-Equatorial Inner Magnetosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Filwett ◽  
Allison Jaynes ◽  
Daniel Baker ◽  
Shrikanth Kanekal ◽  
Bern Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Cutoff Rigidity ◽  
Inner Magnetosphere ◽  
Van Allen Probes ◽  
Proton Data ◽  
Solar Proton Events ◽  
Rigidity Dependence ◽  
East West

<p>Solar proton events are comprised of energetic protons of solar and interplanetary origin. Such energetic particles are able to access the magnetosphere at various locations according to their cutoff rigidity. The specific properties of solar proton access are of great interest for space weather prediction purposes. Using Van Allen Probes/Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) 20-200 MeV proton data we examine four of the strongest solar proton events over the lifetime of the mission. We present evidence of the direct magnetospheric access of these energetic solar protons and find strong flux increases at L<4. Results indicate that small and sudden flux changes measured by ACE spacecraft sensors upstream of Earth are also seen in the near-equatorial inner magnetosphere. Using the East-West asymmetry of solar protons as a proxy for cutoffs we examine the highly dynamic cutoff rigidity. We find there is evidence for: (1) cutoff rigidity dependence on MLT; (2) suppressed cutoffs with rapid Dst changes; and (3) rapid evolution of cutoffs even during quiet magnetospheric conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of solar proton events

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2255-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kurt ◽  
A. Belov ◽  
H. Mavromichalaki ◽  
M. Gerontidou
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Abstract. A new catalogue of 253 solar proton events (SPEs) with energy >10MeV and peak intensity >10 protons/cm2.s.sr (pfu) at the Earth's orbit for three complete 11-year solar cycles (1970-2002) is given. A statistical analysis of this data set of SPEs and their associated flares that occurred during this time period is presented. It is outlined that 231 of these proton events are flare related and only 22 of them are not associated with Ha flares. It is also noteworthy that 42 of these events are registered as Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) in neutron monitors. The longitudinal distribution of the associated flares shows that a great number of these events are connected with west flares. This analysis enables one to understand the long-term dependence of the SPEs and the related flare characteristics on the solar cycle which are useful for space weather prediction.

scholarly journals Prediction of Solar Proton Event Fluence spectra from their Peak flux spectra

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigiava Aminalragia-Giamini ◽  
Piers Jiggens ◽  
Anastasios Anastasiadis ◽  
Ingmar Sandberg ◽  
Angels Aran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Event ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Proton Event ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Peak Flux ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Solar Proton Events (SPEs) are of great importance and significance for the study of Space Weather and Heliophysics. These populations of protons are accelerated at high energies ranging from a few MeVs to hundreds of MeVs and can pose a significant hazard both to equipment on board spacecrafts as well as astronauts as they are ionizing radiation. The ongoing study of SPEs can help to understand their characteristics, relative underlying physical mechanisms, and help in the design of forecasting and nowcasting systems which provide warnings and predictions. In this work, we present a study on the relationships between the Peak Flux and Fluence spectra of SPEs. This study builds upon existing work and provides further insights into the characteristics and the relationships of SPE Peak flux and Fluence spectra. Moreover it is shown how these relationships can be quantified in a sound manner and exploited in a simple methodology with which the Fluence spectrum of an SPE can be well predicted from its given Peak spectrum across two orders of magnitude of proton energies, from 5 MeV to 200 MeV. Finally it is discussed how the methodology in this work can be easily applied to forecasting and nowcasting systems.

List of Solar Proton Events in the 24 Cycle of Solar Activity (2009 ‒ 2019)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vitaly Ishkov ◽  
Yury Logachev ◽  
Galina Bazilevskaya ◽  
Elena Daibog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Solar proton events during the past three solar cycles

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Smart ◽  
M. A. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Large solar proton events and geosynchronous communication spacecraft solar arrays

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Lanzerotti ◽  
D. W. Maurer ◽  
H. H. Sauer ◽  
R. D. Zwickl
Keyword(s):  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Ionization increases associated with the small solar proton events of 5 February 1965 and 16 July 1966

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Geographic Latitude ◽  
Electron Number ◽  
Partial Reflection ◽  
D Region ◽  
Resolute Bay ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Observations of partial reflections from the ionosphere at vertical incidence at 2.66 MHz have been made at Resolute Bay, geographic latitude 74.7 °N, since September 1963. By measuring the amplitudes of the ordinary and extraordinary backscattered waves information is obtained about electron number densities in the lower ionosphere. The results presented in this paper show that the partial reflection technique is more sensitive than most other ground-based experiments for the detection of D-region ionization increases associated with small solar proton events. Results obtained by the partial reflection experiment during the events of 5 February 1965 and 16 July 1966 are presented and compared with VLF and satellite observations.

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