A Study of the Effect of Electrical Energy Input on Detonation Failure in Wedges of the TATB-Based Explosive EDC35

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Detonation Failure

The Current Density and Energy Input in Electrothermal Explosion of Metallic Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 1429-1432
Author(s):  
Gang Yi Zhou ◽  
Xin Long Dong ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Electrothermal Explosion ◽  
Metallic Powders ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Instantaneous Current ◽  
High Voltage Generator

This paper presents a study on the electrothermal explosion of metallic powders produced by a pulsed high voltage generator, which is a fast-discharge capacitive storage device. The character of instantaneous current, voltage were measured and studied. The energy-utilization ratio was calculated and analyzed. It is shown that the maximum current density and current rise rate obtained during electrothermal explosion of Cu powder were of the order of 108A/cm2 and 1013A/s, respectively. The total energy deposited on exploding was 38.57%~65.90% of the total electrically stored energy, and increased with the charging voltage and powder masses exploding increasing. Meanwhile, the electrical energy applied to the powder was estimated to be about 1.5~2 times the energy theoretically required to vaporization of the powder and metallic exploding. And the energy input in exploding supplied by circuit increased with the charging voltage and the metallic powder conductor height increasing.

scholarly journals Electrification of a Heavy-Duty CI Truck—Comparison of Electric Turbocharger and Crank Shaft Motor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ekberg ◽  
Lars Eriksson ◽  
Christofer Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

A combustion engine-driven vehicle can be made more fuel efficient over some drive cycles by, for example, introducing electric machines and solutions for electrical energy storage within the vehicle’s driveline architecture. The possible benefits of different hybridization concepts depend on the architecture, i.e., the type of energy storage, and the placement and sizing of the different driveline components. This paper examines a diesel electric plug-in hybrid truck, where the powertrain includes a diesel engine supported with two electric motors, one supporting the crank shaft and one the turbocharger. Numerical optimal control was used to find energy-optimal control strategies during two different accelerations; the trade-off between using electrical energy and diesel fuel was evaluated using a simulation platform. Fixed-gear acceleration was performed to evaluate the contribution from the two electric motors in co-operation, and individual operation. A second acceleration test case from 8 to 80 km/h was performed to evaluate the resulting optimal control behavior when taking gear changes into account. A cost factor was used to relate the cost of diesel fuel to electrical energy. The selection of the cost factor relates to the allowed usage of electrical energy: a high cost factor results in a high amplification from electrical energy input to total system energy savings, whereas a low cost factor results in an increased usage of electrical energy for propulsion. The difference between fixed-gear and full acceleration is mainly the utilization of the electric crank shaft motor. For the mid-range of the cost factors examined, the crank shaft electric motor is used at the end of the fixed-gear acceleration, but the control sequence is not repeated for each gear during the full acceleration. The electric motor supporting the turbocharger is used for higher cost factors than the crank shaft motor, and the amplification from electrical energy input to total energy savings is also the highest.

Enhanced anaerobic digestion of phenol via electrical energy input

2020 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 124501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsayed Mostafa ◽  
Seongwon Im ◽  
Mo-Kwon Lee ◽  
Young-Chae Song ◽  
Dong-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Electrical Energy

Comparative Study on Storage of Fruits and Vegetables in Evaporative Cool Chamber and in Ambient

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Mukherjee Dadhich ◽  
Hemant Dadhich ◽  
RadhaCharan Verma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Evaporative Cool ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Cool Chamber ◽  
Unskilled Labour

An evaporative cool chamber was constructed with the help of baked bricks and riverbed sand. Maximum and Minimum temperature and relative humidity were recorded inside and outside the chamber for about one month. It was found that inside temperature was about 10-15°C lower than outside temperature and inside humidity was about 30-40 % higher than outside. A comparative study was made for the storage of different fruits and vegetables inside the cool chamber and in the ambient condition and their weight loss and freshness were observed everyday. It has been recorded that weight loss of fruits and vegetables kept inside the chamber was lower than those stored outside the chamber. The fruits and vegetables were fresh up to 3 to 5 days more inside the chamber than outside. The evaporative cool chamber does not require mechanical or electrical energy input and can be constructed with locally available material with unskilled labour. It is economical and can store the fruits and vegetables for 3 to 5 days with no significant loss.

scholarly journals Rotary-pulsation apparatus for preparation of liquid grain feed

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
V. Gorobets ◽  
◽  
O. Obodovych ◽  
V. Trokhanyak ◽  
A. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Developed Turbulence ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Rotary Pulsation Apparatus

Existing feed devices use methods of grinding grain and other components of the feed mixture in hammer crushers, which requires significant costs of mechanical (electrical) energy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop devices with a high degree of impact on the treated environment, which increases productivity and reduces energy consumption in technological processes. Such devices include rotor-pulsation devices, the principle of operation of which is based on the method of discrete-pulse energy input. The basis of this method is a multifactorial effect on the treated liquid homogeneous or heterogeneous medium, which consists of pressure pulsations, changes in fluid flow rate, intense cavitation, developed turbulence, hard cumulative effects, as well as high shear forces. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of kinematic and dynamic characteristics and establish the features of discrete-pulse energy input in the dispersion of grain mixtures in a rotary pulsation apparatus and develop on this basis energy-saving technology and equipment for liquid grain feed. A numerical and experimental study of heat and mass transfer processes in rotary pulsation apparatus for the preparation of liquid grain feed has been carried out. The basic hydraulic and thermal characteristics of such devices are received and geometrical characteristics of such device are defined. Experimental samples of the device for rectangular round shape of openings in the rotor-stator system are developed and made. Experimental studies of such characteristics as particle size distribution of grain feed mixture, power consumption in feed production and temperature change of water-grain mixture during its processing have been carried out.

Design and Analysis of a Microgripper Based on Smart Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 983-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Min Yu ◽  
Xian Sheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Flexure Hinge ◽  
Allowable Stress ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Electromechanical Energy Conversion ◽  
Electromechanical Energy

Smart materials are a group of solid-state materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of heat, light, electric field, or magnetic field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. The most common smart materials are piezoelectrics, magnetostrictive, and SMAs. In this paper, a microgripper is designed based right angle flexure hinge and driven through piezoelectric ceramic stack. The calculation formulas of amplifying ratio and natural frequency of the microgripper structure were derived. From the analysis, the maximum stress is 147Mpa that under the allowable stress of 65Mn. It can work in a stable status.The results indicate that, the microgripper all are satisfy the need of design .

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