Method to deduce local impurity transport quantities from the evolution of tomographically reconstructed bolometer signals during tracer injection at TJ-II

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 4231-4233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zurro ◽  
M. A. Ochando ◽  
A. Baciero ◽  
K. J. McCarthy ◽  
F. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Impurity Transport

scholarly journals Mass spectrometry imaging of L-[ring-13C6]-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics in non-small cell lung carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Cao ◽  
Benjamin Balluff ◽  
Martijn Arts ◽  
Ludwig J. Dubois ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma

Abstract Background Metabolic reprogramming is a common phenomenon in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Amino acids are important mediators in cancer metabolism, and their kinetics in tumor tissue are far from being understood completely. Mass spectrometry imaging is capable to spatiotemporally trace important endogenous metabolites in biological tissue specimens. In this research, we studied L-[ring-13C6]-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics in a human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) xenografted mouse model using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-FTICR-MSI). Methods We investigated the L-[ring-13C6]-Phenylalanine (13C6-Phe) and L-[ring-13C6]-Tyrosine (13C6-Tyr) kinetics at 10 min (n = 4), 30 min (n = 3), and 60 min (n = 4) after tracer injection and sham-treated group (n = 3) at 10 min in mouse-xenograft lung tumor tissues by MALDI-FTICR-MSI. Results The dynamic changes in the spatial distributions of 19 out of 20 standard amino acids are observed in the tumor tissue. The highest abundance of 13C6-Phe was detected in tumor tissue at 10 min after tracer injection and decreased progressively over time. The overall enrichment of 13C6-Tyr showed a delayed temporal trend compared to 13C6-Phe in tumor caused by the Phe-to-Tyr conversion process. Specifically, 13C6-Phe and 13C6-Tyr showed higher abundances in viable tumor regions compared to non-viable regions. Conclusions We demonstrated the spatiotemporal intra-tumoral distribution of the essential aromatic amino acid 13C6-Phe and its de-novo synthesized metabolite 13C6-Tyr by MALDI-FTICR-MSI. Our results explore for the first time local phenylalanine metabolism in the context of cancer tissue morphology. This opens a new way to understand amino acid metabolism within the tumor and its microenvironment.

Experimental and simulation study of impurity transport response to RMPs in RF-heated H-mode plasmas at EAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Vogel ◽  
Hongming Zhang ◽  
Yongcai Shen ◽  
Shuyu Dai ◽  
Youwen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Impurity Transport ◽  
Transport Code

Spatial profiles of impurity emission measurements in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopic range in radiofrequency (RF)-heated discharges are combined with one-dimensional and three-dimensional transport simulations to study the effects of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on core impurity accumulation at EAST. The amount of impurity line emission mitigation by RMPs appears to be correlated with the ion Z for lithium, carbon, iron and tungsten monitored, i.e. stronger suppression of accumulation for heavier ions. The targeted effect on the most detrimental high-Z impurities suggests a possible advantage using RMPs for impurity control. Profiles of transport coefficients are calculated with the STRAHL one-dimensional impurity transport code, keeping $\nu /D$ fixed and using the measured spatial profiles of $\textrm{F}{\textrm{e}^{20 + }}$ , $\textrm{F}{\textrm{e}^{21 + }}$ and $\textrm{F}{\textrm{e}^{22 + }}$ to disentangle the transport coefficients. The iron diffusion coefficient ${D_{\textrm{Fe}}}$ increases from $1.0- 2.0\;{\textrm{m}^2}\;{\textrm{s}^{ - 1}}$ to $1.5- 3.0\;{\textrm{m}^2}\;{\textrm{s}^{ - 1}}$ from the core region to the edge region $(\rho \gt 0.5)$ after the onset of RMPs. Meanwhile, an inward pinch of iron convective velocity ${\nu _{\textrm{Fe}}}$ decreases in magnitude in the inner core region and increases significantly in the outer confined region, simultaneously contributing to preserving centrally peaked $\textrm{Fe}$ profiles and exhausting the impurities. The ${D_{\textrm{Fe}}}$ and ${\nu _{\textrm{Fe}}}$ variations lead to reduced impurity contents in the plasma. The three-dimensional edge impurity transport code EMC3-EIRENE was also applied for a case of RMP-mitigated high-Z accumulation at EAST and compared to that of low-Z carbon. The exhaust of ${\textrm{C}^{6 + }}$ toward the scrape-off layer accompanying an overall suppression of heavier ${\textrm{W}^{30 + }}$ is observed when using RMPs.

scholarly journals Trace impurity transport in multi-species plasmas with large particle fluxes

2021 ◽  
pp. 127284
Author(s):  
E. Litvinova Mitra ◽  
E.J. Kolmes ◽  
I.E. Ochs ◽  
M.E. Mlodik ◽  
T. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Particle ◽  
Trace Impurity ◽  
Impurity Transport ◽  
Particle Fluxes

scholarly journals Impurity Transport in Reversed Shear and ELMy H-Mode Plasmas of JT-60U

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 952-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenobu TAKENAGA ◽  
Akira SAKASAI ◽  
Yoshihiko KOIDE ◽  
Yoshiteru SAKAMOTO ◽  
Hirotaka KUBO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impurity Transport ◽  
Reversed Shear

Renal function measurements from MR renography and a simplified multicompartmental model

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. F1548-F1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian S. Lee ◽  
Henry Rusinek ◽  
Louisa Bokacheva ◽  
Ambrose J. Huang ◽  
Niels Oesingmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Multicompartmental Model ◽  
Enhancement Curve ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Single Kidney

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and sources of error in estimating single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) derived from low-dose gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR renography. To analyze imaging data, MR signal intensity curves were converted to concentration vs. time curves, and a three-compartment, six-parameter model of the vascular-nephron system was used to analyze measured aortic, cortical, and medullary enhancement curves. Reliability of the parameter estimates was evaluated by sensitivity analysis and by Monte Carlo analyses of model solutions to which random noise had been added. The dominant sensitivity of the medullary enhancement curve to GFR 1–4 min after tracer injection was supported by a low coefficient of variation in model-fit GFR values (4%) when measured data were subjected to 5% noise. These analyses also showed the minimal effects of bolus dispersion in the aorta on parameter reliability. Single-kidney GFR from MR renography analyzed by the three-compartment model (4.0–71.4 ml/min) agreed well with reference measurements from 99mTc-DTPA clearance and scintigraphy ( r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed an average difference of 11.9 ml/min (95% confidence interval = 5.8–17.9 ml/min) between model and reference values. We conclude that a nephron-based multicompartmental model can be used to derive clinically useful estimates of single-kidney GFR from low-dose MR renography.

Influence of Neutral-Beam Injection on Impurity Transport in the ISX-BTokamak

1981 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Isler ◽  
L. E. Murray ◽  
S. Kasai ◽  
D. E. Arnurius ◽  
S. C. Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Beam Injection ◽  
Neutral Beam ◽  
Beam Injection ◽  
Impurity Transport

Tracer injection sites and combinations for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with endometrial cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Niikura ◽  
Michiko Kaiho-Sakuma ◽  
Hideki Tokunaga ◽  
Masafumi Toyoshima ◽  
Hiroki Utsunomiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Detection ◽  
Tracer Injection

Effects of Convective Solute and Impurity Transport in Protein Crystal Growth

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (26) ◽  
pp. 5208-5216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Vekilov ◽  
Bill R. Thomas ◽  
Franz Rosenberger
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
Impurity Transport ◽  
Protein Crystal Growth
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