Behavior of observables in nonequilibrium state

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Majima
Keyword(s):  
Nonequilibrium State

Nonequilibrium state of highly ionized helium plasma at atmospheric pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kh. Isakaev ◽  
V. F. Chinnov ◽  
M. A. Sargsyan ◽  
D. I. Kavyrshin
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Nonequilibrium State ◽  
Helium Plasma

scholarly journals Studying thermodynamics of metastable states

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Yuri Kornyushin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Nonequilibrium State ◽  
Metastable States ◽  
Metastable Equilibrium ◽  
General Description ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Heated Sample ◽  
Temperature Oscillations

Simple classical thermodynamic approach to the general description of metastable states is presented. It makes it possible to calculate the explicit dependence of the Gibbs free energy on temperature, to calculate the heat capacity, the thermodynamic barrier, dividing metastable and more stable states, and the thermal expansion coefficient. Thermodynamic stability under mechanical loading is considered. The influence of the heating (cooling) rate on the measured dynamic heat capacity is investigated. A phase shift of the temperature oscillations of an ac heated sample is shown to be determined by the relaxation time of the relaxation of the metastable nonequilibrium state back to the metastable equilibrium one. This dependence allows one to calculate the relaxation time. A general description of the metastable phase equilibrium is proposed. Metastable states in AB3 alloys are considered. Reasons for the change from the diffusional mechanism of the supercritical nucleus growth to the martensitic one as the heating rate increases are discussed. The Ostwald stage rule is derived.

A study of the high-Cu Al–Cu–Co decagonal phase

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grushko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Nonequilibrium State ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Decagonal Phase ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

The decagonal phase was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in an Al62Cu24Co14 alloy annealed at 550–850 °C. The electron diffraction patterns of the decagonal phase exhibited weak quasiperiodic odd-n reflections in the [1-2100] zone axis corresponding to the equilibrated structure. The relative intensities of these reflections were significantly lower in the Al62Cu24Co14 than in the Al68Cu11Co21 decagonal phase. Diffuse scattering observed previously at the same positions can be related to a nonequilibrium state of the decagonal phase.

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