The Reaction of Hydrogen Atoms with Carbon Tetrachloride

1938 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Vance ◽  
W. C. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms

ENERGY TRANSFER IN THE RADIOLYSIS OF CYCLOPENTANE–CYCLOHEXANE MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2872-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Energy Migration ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Show Evidence

Energy transfer in the radiolysis of cyclopentane–cyclohexane mixtures has been studied by observing the yields of HD and D2 obtained when small amounts of cyclohexane-d12 are added. Energy migration occurs from cyclopentane to cyclohexane but this transfer can be prevented by the addition of carbon tetrachloride or iodine. The relative yields of the dimers (C6H11)2, C6H9C6H11, and (C5H3)2 show that the •C6H11 and •C5H9 radicals, which are the precursors of the dimers, can abstract hydrogen atoms from the solvent and may thus change their identity. Added iodine or carbon tetrachloride removes the diffusing radicals, and the residual dimer yield, which is unaffected by solute, has a composition determined solely by the composition of the mixtures. The yields of cyclohexene and cyclopentene show evidence of both energy transfer and radical change of identity.

RADIATION CHEMISTRY OF CYCLOHEXANE: VI. DILUTE SOLUTIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND CHLOROFORM IN CYCLOHEXANE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stone ◽  
P. J. Dyne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Physical Process ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Radiation Chemistry ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Halogenated Compounds ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms

A study of the effect of the addition of small amounts (<3.5%) of the halogenated compounds CCl4, CHCl3, and CDCl3 on the radiolysis of cyclohexane has shown that processes other than radical scavenging occur. At the lowest concentrations of solute that it was practical to employ (0.004 M) cyclohexyl radicals were scavenged without a corresponding reduction in the hydrogen yield. At higher solute concentrations G(H2) was reduced by a physical process which did not involve the scavenging of thermal hydrogen atoms but did lead to chemical reaction involving the solute.

The X-radiolysis of water vapor containing methanol. Effects of some electron and hydrogen atom scavengers

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Dixon ◽  
M. G. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ion Recombination ◽  
Positive Ion

The X-radiolysis of water vapor containing methanol at 125 °C and 1 atm pressure has been studied alone and in the presence of some electron and hydrogen atom scavengers. In water vapor containing methanol only, a plateau value G(H2) = 7.9 ± 0.3 is obtained at all methanol concentrations above 0.5 mole %. Addition of propylene drastically reduces this yield due to efficient scavenging of hydrogen atoms, and values for the total number of H atoms from all precursors g(H)t = 7,5 ± 0.2 and [Formula: see text] are deduced from the competition. An unscavengeable hydrogen yield g(H2) ~ 0.5 is also indicated in mixtures containing propylene. Nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride are found to scavenge electrons efficiently in water vapor containing methanol and the number of hydrogen atoms arising from electron–positive ion recombination is estimated to have a value G = 2.2 ± 0.6. The number of hydrogen atoms arising from processes not involving electrons is g(H) = 5.2 ± 0.3. Carbon tetrachloride reacts efficiently with both electrons and hydrogen atoms, with k(H + CH3OH)/k(H + CCl4) = 0.085. Values of g(H) = 4.9 ± 0.5 and g(H2) = 0.8 ± 0.2 are deduced from mixtures containing carbon tetrachloride.

scholarly journals Investigations of infra-red spectra. Determination of C-H frequencies (~3000 cm. -1 ) in paraffins and olefins, with some observations on “polythenes”

1940 ◽  
Vol 175 (961) ◽  
pp. 208-233 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
General Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Single Bonds

In a previous communication (1938) we described the results of an investigation into the infra-red absorption in the region of 3 µ of a number of hydrocarbons dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, with special reference to the absorption of ⟩CH 2 groups in different molecules. It was found that in many simple compounds the CH 2 group gave rise to two frequencies, essentially C-H valency vibrations, about 2857 and 2927 cm. -1 , and that from one compound to another these frequencies varied by only a few wave numbers. The lower frequency was identified with the mode of vibration in which the hydrogen atoms move in phase, while the other frequency was taken as the unsymmetrical mode of vibration. This assignment was substantiated by calculations with potential functions for molecules of the general type CH 2 — X , where X represents the rest of the molecule and is attached to the CH 2 group by single bonds. It was found that the CH frequencies of a CH 2 group are but little affected by the nature of X in saturated compounds, but that when the CH 2 group is attached to X by a double bond the CH frequencies are some 150 cm. -1 higher. In ethylene each CH 2 group has two CH valency modes of vibration, and since the CH 2 groups themselves can vibrate in or out of phase with one another, four CH frequency modes are possible for the C 2 H 4 molecule, two being Raman active and two infra-red active. In many molecules containing several CH 2 groups, similar coupling effects are important, and frequently four infra-red CH frequencies are observed.

Remarks on the diffuse interstellar lines

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Interstellar Gas

It is suggested that the diffuse interstellar lines are produced in the interstellar gas by molecules consisting of a few hydrogen atoms and one other atom, such as CH4+ or NH4. Diffuseness of the lines is assumed to result from predissociation of these molecules.

Aloe-Emodin Quinone Pretreatment Reduces Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Arosio ◽  
Nicoletta Gagliano ◽  
Lorena Maria Pia Fusaro ◽  
Luciano Parmeggiani ◽  
Jacopo Tagliabue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Aloe Emodin
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