The Heat Capacity of Nitrogen Adsorbed on Titanium Dioxide Between 20°K and 80°K

1948 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Morrison ◽  
G. J. Szasz
1952 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 4413-4415 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Pace ◽  
D. J. Sasmor ◽  
E. L. Heric

The heat capacities of four samples of titanium dioxide, differing in particle size, have been measured in the temperature range 12 to 270° K in order to determine the effect of particle size on the specific heat. Contrary to the prediction of existing theories, no effect attributable to a change in particle size has been found in the low-temperature region. On the other hand, above 50° K a pronounced particle-size effect is evident which may be accounted for qualitatively as an effect on the optical modes of vibration of the solid. The complexity of the titanium dioxide crystal structure precludes any quantitative theoretical calculations.


2009 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 090915102728058-8
Author(s):  
Yoshiteru Kato ◽  
Yasuhiko Nakashima ◽  
Naoki Shino ◽  
Koichi Sasaki ◽  
Akihiro Hosokawa ◽  
...  

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-1008-C1-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LAGENDIJK ◽  
W. J. HUISKAMP ◽  
P. F. BONGERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (C6) ◽  
pp. C6-794-C6-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Forgan ◽  
C. M. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-2133-C8-2134
Author(s):  
K. Kumagai ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
I. Watanabe ◽  
Y. Nakamichi ◽  
H. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
JUNMING SHU ◽  
ARTHAS YANG ◽  
PEKKA SALMINEN ◽  
HENRI VAITTINEN

The Ji’an PM No. 3 is the first linerboard machine in China to use multilayer curtain coating technology. Since successful startup at the end of 2011, further development has been carried out to optimize running conditions, coating formulations, and the base paper to provide a product with satisfactory quality and lower cost to manufacture. The key challenges include designing the base board structure for the desired mechanical strength, designing the surface properties for subsequent coating operations, optimizing the high-speed running of the curtain coater to enhance production efficiency, minimizing the amount of titanium dioxide in the coating color, and balancing the coated board properties to make them suitable for both offset and flexographic printing. The pilot and mill scale results show that curtain coating has a major positive impact on brightness, while smoothness is improved mainly by the blade coating and calendering conditions. Optimization of base board properties and the blade + curtain + blade concept has resulted in the successful use of 100% recycled fiber to produce base board. The optical, mechanical, and printability properties of the final coated board meet market requirements for both offset and flexographic printing. Machine runnability is excellent at the current speed of 1000 m/min, and titanium dioxide has been eliminated in the coating formulations without affecting the coating coverage. A significant improvement in the total cost of coated white liner production has been achieved, compared to the conventional concept of using virgin fiber in the top ply. Future development will focus on combining low cost with further quality improvements to make linerboard suitable for a wider range of end-use applications, including frozen-food packaging and folding boxboard.


Author(s):  
V.N. Moraru

The results of our work and a number of foreign studies indicate that the sharp increase in the heat transfer parameters (specific heat flux q and heat transfer coefficient _) at the boiling of nanofluids as compared to the base liquid (water) is due not only and not so much to the increase of the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids, but an intensification of the boiling process caused by a change in the state of the heating surface, its topological and chemical properties (porosity, roughness, wettability). The latter leads to a change in the internal characteristics of the boiling process and the average temperature of the superheated liquid layer. This circumstance makes it possible, on the basis of physical models of the liquids boiling and taking into account the parameters of the surface state (temperature, pressure) and properties of the coolant (the density and heat capacity of the liquid, the specific heat of vaporization and the heat capacity of the vapor), and also the internal characteristics of the boiling of liquids, to calculate the value of specific heat flux q. In this paper, the difference in the mechanisms of heat transfer during the boiling of single-phase (water) and two-phase nanofluids has been studied and a quantitative estimate of the q values for the boiling of the nanofluid is carried out based on the internal characteristics of the boiling process. The satisfactory agreement of the calculated values with the experimental data is a confirmation that the key factor in the growth of the heat transfer intensity at the boiling of nanofluids is indeed a change in the nature and microrelief of the heating surface. Bibl. 20, Fig. 9, Tab. 2.


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