On the Kinetic Theory of Dense Fluids. XIV. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Thermal Conductivity in Liquid Ar, Kr, Xe, and CH4

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn D. Ikenberry ◽  
Stuart A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Dense Fluids ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

scholarly journals Thermal and Hydraulic Performance of CuO/Water Nanofluids: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yacoub Al Shdaifat ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Abeer Adel Salih
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

This paper discusses the behaviour of different thermophysical properties of CuO water-based nanofluids, including the thermal and hydraulic performance and pumping power. Different experimental and theoretical studies that investigated each property of CuO/water in terms of thermal and fluid mechanics are reviewed. Classical theories cannot describe the thermal conductivity and viscosity. The concentration, material, and size of nanoparticles have important roles in the heat transfer coefficient of CuO/water nanofluids. Thermal conductivity increases with large particle size, whereas viscosity increases with small particle size. The Nusselt number depends on the flow rate and volume fraction of nanoparticles. The causes for these behaviour are discussed. The magnitude of heat transfer rate is influenced by the use of CuO/water nanofluids. The use of CuO/water nanofluids has many issues and challenges that need to be classified through additional studies.

The Stabilizing Effect of Pre-Equilibria: A Trifluoromethyl Complex as CF2 Reservoir in Catalytic Olefin Difluorocarbenation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Louis-Goff ◽  
Huu Vinh Trinh ◽  
Eileen Chen ◽  
Arnold L. Rheingold ◽  
Christian Ehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Attractive Feature ◽  
Catalyst Recovery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

A new, efficient, catalytic difluorocarbenation of olefins to give 1,1-difluorocyclopropanes is presented. The catalyst, an organobismuth complex, uses TMSCF<sub>3</sub> as a stoichiometric difluorocarbene source. We demonstrate both the viability and robustness of this reaction over a wide range of alkenes and alkynes, including electron-poor alkenes, to generate the corresponding 1,1-difluorocyclopropanes and 1,1-difluorocyclopropenes. Ease of catalyst recovery from the reaction mixture is another attractive feature of this method. In depth experimental and theoretical studies showed that the key difluorocarbene-generating step proceeds through a bismuth non-redox synchronous mechanism generating a highly reactive free CF<sub>2</sub> in an endergonic pre-equilibrium. It is the reversibility when generating the difluorocarbene that accounts for the high selectivity, while minimizing CF<sub>2</sub>-recombination side-reactions.

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