Exact Definition of Quasi‐Thermodynamic Point Functions in Statistical Mechanics

1959 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrell L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition

General Schema Theory for Genetic Programming with Subtree-Swapping Crossover: Part II

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Poli ◽  
Nicholas Freitag McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Exact Formulation ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
General Schema ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Fitness ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Exact Definition

This paper is the second part of a two-part paper which introduces a general schema theory for genetic programming (GP) with subtree-swapping crossover (Part I (Poli and McPhee, 2003)). Like other recent GP schema theory results, the theory gives an exact formulation (rather than a lower bound) for the expected number of instances of a schema at the next generation. The theory is based on a Cartesian node reference system, introduced in Part I, and on the notion of a variable-arity hyperschema, introduced here, which generalises previous definitions of a schema. The theory includes two main theorems describing the propagation of GP schemata: a microscopic and a macroscopic schema theorem. The microscopic version is applicable to crossover operators which replace a subtree in one parent with a subtree from the other parent to produce the offspring. Therefore, this theorem is applicable to Koza's GP crossover with and without uniform selection of the crossover points, as well as one-point crossover, size-fair crossover, strongly-typed GP crossover, context-preserving crossover and many others. The macroscopic version is applicable to crossover operators in which the probability of selecting any two crossover points in the parents depends only on the parents' size and shape. In the paper we provide examples, we show how the theory can be specialised to specific crossover operators and we illustrate how it can be used to derive other general results. These include an exact definition of effective fitness and a size-evolution equation for GP with subtree-swapping crossover.

Approaches to an Exact Definition of Schizo-Affective Psychoses for Research Purposes

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Peter Berner ◽  
Christian Simhandl
Keyword(s):  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition

scholarly journals Review and Development Trend of Digital Hydraulic Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Qiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Kong ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Kaixian Ba ◽  
Zhengguo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Exact Definition

Since the emergence of digital hydraulic technology, it has achieved good results in intelligence, integration, energy saving, etc. After decades of development, and it has also attracted wide attention in the industry. However, for many years, the definition of digital hydraulic technology has differed between researchers, and there is no uniform definition. Such a situation affects the development of it to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper gives the exact definition of digital hydraulic technology based on a large number of researches on it. At the same time, the paper analyzes the research status and developmental process of the such a technology, and we forecast the development trend of it.

scholarly journals Potrošnja egzotičnog voća i povrća na području grada Zadra

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonijo Galić ◽  
Bruno Gauta ◽  
Lidija Halilović ◽  
Ivana Jadreško ◽  
Suzana Kardum
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
The City ◽  
Exact Definition ◽  
Marketing Approach

Consumers in Croatia only recently got the opportunity to buy exotic fruits and vegetables. Until now offer was limited to the already known species which could be found on the shelves for decades, and this types can generally be cultivated in Croatia (except bananas, pineapples and several types of citrus). The demand for exotic fruits and vegetables and its cultivation in Western Europe is growing, and this trend is coming to Croatia. In the study conducted for the city of Zadar the correlation of the interest in buying exotic fruit/vegetables and familiarity with the product, the exact definition of the product and the most significant characteristics of kiwano/sweet potatoes was explored. Regression analysis results showed that all three independent variables significantly predict purchase of both kiwano and sweet potatoes. Three segments of consumers with respect to their demographic characteristics were identified using cluster analysis. A more detailed analysis of these groups could serve future researchers in order to segment the market and determine the marketing approach to each of the segments.

scholarly journals On the Geometrical Representation of Classical Statistical Mechanics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios C. Boulougouris
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Parametric Representation ◽  
Gauss Map ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Thermodynamic State ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Geometrical Representation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

In this work a geometrical representation of equilibrium and near equilibrium statistical mechanics is proposed. Using a formalism consistent with the Bra-Ket notation and the definition of inner product as a Lebasque integral, we describe the macroscopic equilibrium states in classical statistical mechanics by “properly transformed probability Euclidian vectors” that point on a manifold of spherical symmetry. Furthermore, any macroscopic thermodynamic state “close” to equilibrium is described by a triplet that represent the “infinitesimal volume” of the points, the Euclidian probability vector at equilibrium that points on a hypersphere of equilibrium thermodynamic state and a Euclidian vector a vector on the tangent bundle of the hypersphere. The necessary and sufficient condition for such representation is expressed as an invertibility condition on the proposed transformation. Finally, the relation of the proposed geometric representation, to similar approaches introduced under the context of differential geometry, information geometry, and finally the Ruppeiner and the Weinhold geometries, is discussed. It turns out that in the case of thermodynamic equilibrium, the proposed representation can be considered as a Gauss map of a parametric representation of statistical mechanics.

scholarly journals What is an Organic Substance?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Silverberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition

<p>No exact definition of an “organic” substance has been agreed upon by the chemical community and textbook definitions vary substantially. The question of what exactly constitutes an “organic” substance is explored in this paper.</p>

scholarly journals ON THE ORIGINS OF SOME ENGLISH IDIOMS AND THE ADEQUACY OF THEIR DEFINITIONS IN THE GEORGIAN DICTIONARIES (II PART)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Nino Dvalidze
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Exact Definition

The aim of this article is to fill the informative gap and to overcome those difficulties which arise in case of not having the adequate interpetation or exact definition of the English idioms in the Georgian dictionaries.This paper investigates some idiomatic expressions and observes how often they are used in the modern English publicist texts from “The Guardian”, “Fortune”, “The Scotsman”, “The Independent” etc. whether they have preserved their original meanings or obtained some other new senses and coloring. More than this, the goal is to research if there is an adequate translation or interpretation of those English idioms in the Georgian language bilingual dictionaries. If there is not any, then the objective is how to make their adequate Georgian equivalents and, as a result to compose a new mini-dictionary of idioms. The urgent need for etymological study of idioms is also stimulated by the fact that the phraseology condensates the complex interaction of the culture and psychology of people, national self-being and their unique metaphoric mentality The reaserch value is dectated by its outcome, namely, it will be the research not only of those idioms which have the adequate definitions in the Georgian dictionaries, but find out some cases of not having the right definition and in result to compile the mini be-lingual dictionary of idioms. It can be assumed, that it will make a siginificant contribution to the development of lexicography in Georgia.

Pandemics, Epidemics, and Outbreaks

Pandemics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition ◽  
Past 300 Years

What is the exact definition of pandemic? A novel infection—new and previously unconfronted—that spreads globally and results in a high incidence of morbidity (sickness) and mortality (death) has, for the past 300 years or more, been described as a “pandemic.” The word derives from...

Swedish Foreign Policy. A Response to Geopolitical Factors

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Ronald Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
World Environment ◽  
Exact Definition

Sweden is considered a nonaligned country. The author analyses the concepts of nonalignment and related theories to arrive at an exact definition of Swedish foreign policy. The second half of the article demonstrates how Sweden's current foreign policy is a logical outcome in the light of her history and geopolitical position vis-à-vis her regional and world environment. The author achieves this by following some of Rosenau's concepts of linkage theories.

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