A First‐Order Change which Involves the Vaporization in Two Dimensions of N‐Heptane on the Surface of Silver

1945 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 535-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Jura ◽  
E. H. Loeser ◽  
P. R. Basford ◽  
William D. Harkins
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change

A Stable Mixed Element Method for the Biharmonic Equation with First-Order Function Spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Shuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biharmonic Equation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Helmholtz Decomposition ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
Order Function ◽  
First Order ◽  
Mixed Element ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Element Method

AbstractThis paper studies the mixed element method for the boundary value problem of the biharmonic equation {\Delta^{2}u=f} in two dimensions. We start from a {u\sim\nabla u\sim\nabla^{2}u\sim\operatorname{div}\nabla^{2}u} formulation that is discussed in [4] and construct its stability on {H^{1}_{0}(\Omega)\times\tilde{H}^{1}_{0}(\Omega)\times\bar{L}_{\mathrm{sym}}^% {2}(\Omega)\times H^{-1}(\operatorname{div},\Omega)}. Then we utilise the Helmholtz decomposition of {H^{-1}(\operatorname{div},\Omega)} and construct a new formulation stable on first-order and zero-order Sobolev spaces. Finite element discretisations are then given with respect to the new formulation, and both theoretical analysis and numerical verification are given.

scholarly journals The challenge of transformation: Breaking the barriers

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change

One of the most commonly used concepts in post-apartheid South Africa is undoubtedly the concept ‘transformation’. In order to strip this concept of its ‘bewitchments’ (Nietzsche; Wittgenstein) a conceptual analysis is made of the meaning and usage of the term. In view of the distinction between first order change and second order change, the need for transformation (ethical and strategic), the resistance against transformation (systemic and individual) and the execution and management of transformation is discussed.

scholarly journals Fatalistic first-order computation, free will delusion and conscious experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Deterministic Algorithm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change ◽  
Physical Laws

The first-order change is the change of the state of a physical object (or pattern) which is governed by the physical laws (or rules). The second-order change is the change of the state of a physical object (or pattern) which breaks the physical laws (or rules), so it is impossible in real world. In Conway’s Game of Life, within a pattern (pattern-A), a deterministic algorithm (algorithm-A) is used to solve a problem of the real world. (Actually, this problem will be automatically solved by the first-order change.) Inside algorithm-A, a model (model-AW) is created to represent the real world, and a second-order change can be applied to model-AW. If algorithm-A realized itself to be a deterministic algorithm inside a pattern, and realized that a second-order change is impossible to the real world, while a second-order change is possible to its model of the real world (model-AW), then algorithm-A can distinguish the real world and its model (model-AW) conceptually through this difference. The physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. If the time in our universe is discrete, our universe is a stochastic cellular automaton, and each generation is computed out based on the precedent generation and updating rules; let us call this computation the first-order computation. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation. Due to the completely subjective nature of the conscious experience, it’s impossible to reach any agreement on the nature of the conscious experience between any two individuals.

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