Simple Aid to Pulse‐Height Selection with Scanning X‐Ray Spectrometers

1963 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Behn Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
X Ray

Energy-dependent dead-time correction in digital pulse processors applied to silicon drift detector's X-ray spectra

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen F. Barros ◽  
Vito R. Vanin ◽  
Alexandre A. Malafronte ◽  
Nora L. Maidana ◽  
Marcos N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
Dead Time Correction ◽  
Time Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Analytical Correction ◽  
Energy Dependent

Dead-time effects in X-ray spectra taken with a digital pulse processor and a silicon drift detector were investigated when the number of events at the low-energy end of the spectrum was more than half of the total, at counting rates up to 56 kHz. It was found that dead-time losses in the spectra are energy dependent and an analytical correction for this effect, which takes into account pulse pile-up, is proposed. This and the usual models have been applied to experimental measurements, evaluating the dead-time fraction either from the calculations or using the value given by the detector acquisition system. The energy-dependent dead-time model proposed fits accurately the experimental energy spectra in the range of counting rates explored in this work. A selection chart of the simplest mathematical model able to correct the pulse-height distribution according to counting rate and energy spectrum characteristics is included.

Development of Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
N. Shigeoka ◽  
K. Mutaguchi ◽  
Y. Nakanishi ◽  
Y. Ito ◽  
T. Mukoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Acceleration Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gaussian Profile ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Fitting Method

The properties of gas scintillation proportional counter are investigated for Mn K x-ray spectra. The pulse-height spectra are strongly affected by changing of the value of a potential V 2 in the acceleration region and analyzed by the Gaussian profile fitting method.

A new soft x-ray pulse height analysis array in the HL-2A tokamak

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 126104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Zhang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
J. W. Yang ◽  
X. Y. Song ◽  
M. Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulse Height Analysis

scholarly journals Chemical Bonding and the Sulfur K X-Ray Spectrum

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 354-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Wilbur ◽  
J. W. Gofman
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sulfur Atom ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulse Height Analysis ◽  
Chemical States

AbstractAn investigation has been made of the relative Kβ intensities in different chemical states of the sulfur atom using the Kα lines, with appropriate corrections, to provide the intensity standards. Both inorganic and organic compounds were included in the study. The data for each compound appear to be reliable to about ± 0.5%, while the whole series of compounds shows a variation greater than 20% in the corrected Kβ/Kα ratios. Energies were also measured, particularly the Kα energies, and their shifts were studied relative to the Kβ, intensity shifts. The work was done with a plane, single-crystal, helium-path spectrometer with proportional counter and pulse-height analysis for detection. The results are indicative of the usefulness of the method both in clarifying an uncertain chemical state and in studying the electronic structure of the bonded atom.

scholarly journals Determination of Calcium in Wolframite Concentrates by Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrography

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Campbell ◽  
John W. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Counting Efficiency ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Depth

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to develop a rapid, accurate method of analysis for small amounts of calcium in wolframite concentrates. This analysis is necessary to determine if wolframite concentrates meet the U. S. National Stockpile Specification P-57R2, which limits the calcium content to 0.2 per cent.Because of the small depth of sample analyzed in fluorescent x-ray spectrography the calcium Kα line intensity was found to be a function of the chemical composition of the calcium-bearing particle as well as the matrix composition. This particle-conn position effect was particularly important in this analysis because the calcium may be present as a carbonate, tungstate, phosphate, etc. Three methods of sample preparation were found to eliminate the variation of calcium Kα intensity with mineralogical occurrences: (1) Reduction in particle size by extensive grinding, (2) chemical fusion wtli sodium carbonate, and (3) solution of the calcium by an add.Determinations by all three procedures are believed to be accurate to within ± 5 per cent for more than 0.30 per cent calcium and ± 10 per cent at the 0.1-per cent level. The lower limit of detectability is in the order of 0.005-0.01 per cent.The operating characteristics of a gas-flow proportional counter used in conjunction with a pulse-height analyzer were studied in detail. This detector was found to have a high counting efficiency for calcium Ka radiation, to have a low counting efficiency for overlapping higher order radiation and to have counting stability equivalent to Geiger tubes.

A Universal Detector for the X-Ray Spectrograph

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kiley
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Universal Detector ◽  
Detector Arrangement

AbstractA detector arrangement has been developed which will give nearly 100% efficiency over the entire range of wavelengths normally used in X-ray spectroscopy, including radiation from Mg Kα. A description of this counter is given and data obtained on pulse height distribution and pulse amplitudes will be discussed. Results obtained with typical specimens will be shown.

Applications of a Portable Radioisotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer to Analysis of Minerals and Alloys*

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Rhodes ◽  
T. Furuta
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Finite Samples ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Sulfur In Coal

AbstractA portable, battery-operated X-ray fluorescence analyzer weighing 15 lb is described, consisting of a Nal(Tl) scintillation-counter probe and an electronic unit with a single-channel pulse-height analyzer and reversible scaler. Radioisotope X-ray sources are used for excitation of the sample and, where necessary, balanced filters for resolution of neighboring characteristic X-rays. Emphasis has been placed on designing and producing an instrument that is easy and convenient to operate in laboratory, factory, or field conditions and that can equally well be used to measure extended surfaces, such as rock faces, or finite samples in the form of powders, briquettes, or liquids. The feasibility of the following analyses has been studied by using for each determination the appropriate radioisotope source and filters: sulfur in coal; calcium and iron in cement raw mix; copper in copper ores; and vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten in steels. Detection limits, based on counting statistics obtained in count times of 10 to 100 sec, range from 0.03% for copper in ores to 0.2% for sulfur in coal. Both matrix absorption and enhancement effects were encountered and were eliminated or reduced substantially by suitable choice of source energy, by the use of nomograms, or by semiempirical correction factors based on attenuation or scattering coefficients.

Computer Code for Analysing X-Ray Fluorescence Spectra of Airborne Particulate Matter

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Drane ◽  
D.G. Rickel ◽  
W.J. Courtney ◽  
T.G. Dzubay
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Silicon Detector ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

During recent years energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) has been used to measure the elemental content of atmospheric aerosols. The code described here is used to reduce EDXRF data and determine the elemental composition of samples collected on membrane filters. The program has been specifically written for EDXRF analysis of size-fractionated aerosols collected by a dichotomous sampler.The x-ray fluorescence spectrometer used in our laboratory employs a pulsed-mode x-ray tube and a lithium-drifted silicon detector. Pulse-height spectra are produced for elements ranging in atomic number from Z = 13 to Z = 82 (corresponding to an energy range from 1.4 to 32.1 keV). Approximately uniform x-ray production is attained by producing independent spectra from three secondary targets (Ti, Mo, Sm).

BAYESIAN SPECTRUM DECONVOLUTION INCLUDING UNCERTAINTIES AND MODEL SELECTION: APPLICATION TO X-RAY EMISSION DATA USING WINBUGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
R Behrens ◽  
M Reginatto
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Spectrum Deconvolution ◽  
Radiation Measurements

AbstractSpectrum deconvolution is an important task in ionizing radiation measurements, as the pulse height spectra, or, in general, the measured data from spectrometers or other measuring instruments are usually determined by the convolution of the response function with the fluence spectra. The method presented here for obtaining fluence spectra from the measurements is an application of Bayesian parameter estimation to the deconvolution of X-ray emission data. The problem of choosing the optimal model among several possible models is also considered, as well as an approach to include contributions from various sources of uncertainty, both correlated and uncorrelated. The application is carried out using the Bayesian software WinBUGS.

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