scholarly journals Erratum: Initial Ionization Rates in Shock-Heated Argon, Krypton, and Xenon

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Harwell ◽  
Robert G. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Rates

Temperature Dependence of Hole Impact Ionization Coefficient in 4H-SiC Photodiodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S. Loh ◽  
J.P.R. David ◽  
B.K. Ng ◽  
Stanislav I. Soloviev ◽  
Peter M. Sandvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Positive Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ionization Coefficients ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ionization Rates

Hole initiated multiplication characteristics of 4H-SiC Separate Absorption and Multiplication Avalanche Photodiodes (SAM-APDs) with a n- multiplication layer of 2.7 µm were obtained using 325nm excitation at temperatures ranging from 300 to 450K. The breakdown voltages increased by 200mV/K over the investigated temperature range, which indicates a positive temperature coefficient. Local ionization coefficients, including the extracted temperature dependencies, were derived in the form of the Chynoweth expression and were used to predict the hole multiplication characteristics at different temperatures. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and the modeled multiplication using these ionization coefficients. The impact ionization coefficients decreased with increasing temperature, corresponding to an increase in breakdown voltage. This result agrees well with the multiplication characteristics and can be attributed to phonon scattering enhanced carrier cooling which has suppressed the ionization process at high temperatures. Hence, a much higher electric field is required to achieve the same ionization rates.

Measurement of the impact ionization rates in Al0.06Ga0.94Sb

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kuwatsuka ◽  
T. Mikawa ◽  
S. Miura ◽  
N. Yasuoka ◽  
Y. Kito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Ionization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ionization Rates

Imaging of strong field dissociative single and double ionization channels of N2O

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (29) ◽  
pp. 1750215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras Afaneh ◽  
Horst Schmidt-Böcking
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Momentum Distribution ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Double Ionization ◽  
Photoelectron Angular Distribution ◽  
Ionization Processes ◽  
Elliptically Polarized ◽  
Molecular Frame ◽  
Ionization Rates

In this paper, we study single and double ionizations of N2O in a short elliptically polarized 800 nm laser pulse using the COLTRIMS technique. The molecular-frame photoelectron angular distribution and the ion sum-momentum distribution of single and double ionizations of N2O molecules are reported for the single ionization dissociative channel NO[Formula: see text] + N and the double ionization dissociative channel NO[Formula: see text] + N[Formula: see text]. The ionizations of multiple orbitals for the two studied dissociative channels were identified via studying the orientation dependent ionization rates for their KERs. The results show that the shape of the ionizing orbitals governs the single and double ionization processes of N2O.

Tunneling Ionization Study of Linear Molecules in Strong-Field Laser Pulses

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
V. Petrović ◽  
◽  
H. Delibašić ◽  
I. Petrović ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Potential ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Ionization Rate ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Tunneling Ionization ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Linear Molecules ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Ionization Rates

"We theoretically studied photoionization of atoms and molecules in the frame of Perelomov-Popov-Terent’ev (PPT) and Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) theories. Strong-field single ionization of two diatomic molecules, N_2 and O_2, are studied and compared to Ar and Xe atoms, using an 800 nm Ti:sapphire laser in the 3×〖10〗^13 to 1×〖10〗^15 Wcm^(-2) intensity range. To eliminate disagreement between theoretical and experimental findings in a low intensity fields (~6×〖10〗^13 Wcm^(-2)), we considered the influence of shifted ionization potential. Including these effects in the ionization rates, we numerically solved rate equations in order to determine an expression for the ionization yields. The use of modified ionization potential showed that the ionization yields will actually decrease below values predicted by original (uncorrected) formulas. This paper will discuss the causes of this discrepancy. Keywords: tunneling ionization, ionization rate, ionization yield, molecules. "

scholarly journals NO<sub>y</sub> production, ozone loss and changes in net radiative heating due to energetic particle precipitation in 2002–2010

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sinnhuber ◽  
Uwe Berger ◽  
Bernd Funke ◽  
Holger Nieder ◽  
Thomas Reddmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Proton Event ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Energetic Particle Precipitation ◽  
Ionization Rates

Abstract. We analyze the impact of energetic particle precipitation on the stratospheric nitrogen budget, ozone abundances and net radiative heating using results from three global chemistry-climate models considering solar protons and geomagnetic forcing due to auroral or radiation belt electrons. Two of the models cover the atmosphere up to the lower thermosphere, the source region of auroral NO production. Geomagnetic forcing in these models is included by prescribed ionization rates. One model reaches up to about 80 km, and geomagnetic forcing is included by applying an upper boundary condition of auroral NO mixing ratios parameterized as a function of geomagnetic activity. Despite the differences in the implementation of the particle effect, the resulting modeled NOy in the upper mesosphere agrees well between all three models, demonstrating that geomagnetic forcing is represented in a consistent way either by prescribing ionization rates or by prescribing NOy at the model top. Compared with observations of stratospheric and mesospheric NOy from the MIPAS instrument for the years 2002–2010, the model simulations reproduce the spatial pattern and temporal evolution well. However, after strong sudden stratospheric warmings, particle induced NOy is underestimated by both high-top models, and after the solar proton event in October 2003, NOy is overestimated by all three models. Model results indicate that the large solar proton event in October 2003 contributed about 1–2 Gmol (109 mol) NOy per hemisphere to the stratospheric NOy budget, while downwelling of auroral NOx from the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere contributes up to 4 Gmol NOy. Accumulation over time leads to a constant particle-induced background of about 0.5–1 Gmol per hemisphere during solar minimum, and up to 2 Gmol per hemisphere during solar maximum. Related negative anomalies of ozone are predicted by the models nearly in every polar winter, ranging from 10–50 % during solar maximum to 2–10 % during solar minimum. Ozone loss continues throughout polar summer after strong solar proton events in the Southern hemisphere and after large sudden stratospheric warmings in the Northern hemisphere. During mid-winter, the ozone loss causes a reduction of the infrared radiative cooling, i.e., a positive change of the net radiative heating (effective warming), in agreement with analyses of geomagnetic forcing in stratospheric temperatures which show a warming in the late winter upper stratosphere. In late winter and spring, the sign of the net radiative heating change turns to negative (effective cooling). This spring-time cooling lasts well into summer and continues until the following autumn after large solar proton events in the Southern hemisphere, after sudden stratospheric warmings in the Northern hemisphere.

scholarly journals Ionization rates in the heliosheath and in astrosheaths

2014 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. A69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Scherer ◽  
H. Fichtner ◽  
H.-J. Fahr ◽  
M. Bzowski ◽  
S. E. S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Rates
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