Stress‐Strain Properties of Natural Rubber under Biaxial Strain

1950 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1098-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. S. T. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Biaxial Strain ◽  
Stress Strain

Stress-Strain Properties of Natural Rubber under Biaxial Strain

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. S. T. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Biaxial Strain ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Relaxation Constant ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Stress Curve

Abstract (1) The stress-strain curves of vulcanized rubber held at definite tangential elongations during stretching differ more from the simple unidirectional-extension-stress curve than the theory predicts. The differences are larger at higher tangential elongations. (2) The relaxation constant determined at 600 per cent elongation is practically unaffected by tangential elongations up to 300 per cent.

scholarly journals Preparation and stress-strain behavior of in-situ epoxidized natural rubber/SiO2 hybrid through a sol-gel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Li ◽  
T. W. Xu ◽  
Z. X. Jia ◽  
B. C. Zhong ◽  
Y. F. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Strain Behavior

Influence of Crosslink Characteristics Induced by Aromatic-Based Antioxidants on the Swelling and Stress-Strain Behavior of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek M. Madkour ◽  
Rasha A. Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Thermal Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Elastomeric Chains ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Abstract Stress-strain measurements were performed on dry and swollen natural rubber vulcanizates prepared using both sulfur as the crosslinking agent and aromatic-based bound antioxidants acting as a second crosslinking agent. The aromatic-based antioxidants were synthesized and analyzed spectroscopically in order to relate the final behavior of the vulcanizates to the nature of the crosslink characteristics. The anomalous upturn in the modulus values of these networks in response to the imposed stress was shown to persist in the dry as well as the swollen state. Since the swollen elastomeric chains cannot undergo a strain-induced crystallization, the abnormal upturns in the modulus values in an absence of a filler were explained on the basis of the limited extensibility of the short chains of networks prepared using two different crosslinking agents in line with earlier modeling predictions. Remarkably, the swelling experiments revealed the increase in the crosslink density of the networks in the early stages of the thermal oxidative degradation procedure indicating a post-cure of the chemically bound antioxidants to the elastomeric chains, which incidentally corresponds to a maximum in the modulus values of the networks. The rheological and other mechanical properties such as the hardness were shown not to have been affected as a result of the incorporation of the chemically bound antioxidants.

DEPENDENCE OF THE ONSET OF STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER AND ITS SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE ON CROSSLINK AND ENTANGLEMENT BY USING SYNCHROTRON X-RAY

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watcharin Sainumsai ◽  
Shigeyuki Toki ◽  
Sureerut Amnuaypornsri ◽  
Adun Nimpaiboon ◽  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Inhomogeneous Material ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Flow Induced Crystallization

ABSTRACT Strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and stress–strain relations of varied crosslink structures and varied crosslink densities of vulcanized natural rubber (NR), vulcanized synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR), and un-vulcanized natural rubber are compared using a synchrotron X-ray. The onset strain of SIC does not depend on crosslink density and crosslink structures. Un-vulcanized NR shows a smaller onset strain of SIC than that of vulcanized NR. Therefore, entanglements in NR are pivot points to induce SIC, just as entanglements in semi-crystalline plastics induce flow-induced crystallization (FIC). During deformation, complicated phenomena occur simultaneously such as cavitation, crosslink breakdown, SIC with temperature upturn, and limited extensibility of chains between crosslinks, because rubber is a significantly inhomogeneous material. It is still difficult to evaluate the contribution of SIC to stress-upturn of the stress–strain relation of rubber.

Effects of plasticizers on the strain-induced crystallization and mechanical properties of natural rubber and synthetic polyisoprene

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 11317-11324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqing Ren ◽  
Suhe Zhao ◽  
Qian Yao ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
Xingying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Effects of different type of plasticizers on the strain-induced crystallization and stress–strain curves of crystallizable rubber.

Analysis of stress-strain characteristics of composite films based on polyethylene polymers with natural rubber

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Varyan ◽  
E. E. Mastalygina ◽  
N. N. Kolesnikova ◽  
A. A. Popov ◽  
E. O. Perepelitsina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Stress Strain

Entanglements and Networks to Strain-Induced Crystallization and Stress–Strain Relations in Natural Rubber and Synthetic Polyisoprene at Various Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 5238-5248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Toki ◽  
Justin Che ◽  
Lixia Rong ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao ◽  
Sureerut Amnuaypornsri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

The Stress-Strain Behavior of Natural Rubber

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Horst Müller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Deformation Condition ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Deformational Behavior ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This treatment of the stress-strain behavior of natural rubber is based upon experimental and theoretical data on the cold stretching of high polymers gathered from work being in progress for some time at Marburg. These investigations indicate that deformation processes of matter should not be treated exclusively as purely mechanical phenomena though this is still being done. Especially in the case of natural rubber there exist very thorough analyses of these heat effects caused by deformation. Their theoretical evaluation furnished the basis for the thermodynamic-statistical theory of rubber elasticity. This created the picture of a molecular mechanism which with new additions permitted the description of a host of details including those for stress-strain behavior. However the relationship between the shape of the stress-strain diagrams and any particular deformation condition can only be explained if the actions of the deformational heat effects upon the course of the deformation are considered. In the following an attempt will be made to discuss the actions of the heat effects, in other words to examine the deformation processes as mechanical-thermal ones. Although there are, at present, no experimental results on hand, the expected consequences for the deformational behavior of rubber will be surveyed. Experimental work is in progress.

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