Measurement of Gas Flow Rate by the Method of Timing a Pressure Drop

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brennen ◽  
Robert L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

Experimental Characterization of Aerosol Production, Transport, Vaporization, and Atomization Systems. Part I: Factors Controlling Aspiration Rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Skogerboe ◽  
S. J. Freeland
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Simple Linear Equation ◽  
The Relationship

This paper describes the results of the first stage of an investigation designed to extend present knowledge of the factors affecting aerosol production, transport, vaporization, and atomization in analytical spectroscopy systems. It focuses on factors controlling aspiration of aqueous solutions. The results demonstrate that the effect of gas flow on the pressure drop induced at the tip of the solution draw tube can be described by a simple linear equation; that the relationship between gas flow rate and solution nebulization rate can also be modelled by a simple equation; and that these relationships are not adequately represented by the Hagen-Poiseulle equation, as is often claimed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Influence of Gas Flow Rate on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Sieve Trays and Their Effect on CO2 Absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10708
Author(s):  
Adel Almoslh ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Christian Heinze ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Water System ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Sieve Tray

An experimental study was conducted in the sieve tray column to investigate the influence of gas flow rate on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sieve tray, such as total tray pressure drop, wet tray pressure drop, dry tray pressure drop, clear liquid height, liquid holdup, and froth height. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the sieve tray were investigated for the gas/water system at different gas flow rates from 12 to 24 Nm3/h and at different pressures of 0.22, 0.24, and 0.26 MPa. In this study, a simulated waste gas was used that consisted of 30% CO2 and 70% air. The inlet volumetric flow rate of the water was 0.148 m3/h. The temperature of the inlet water was 19.5 °C. The results showed that the gas flow rate has a significant effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tray. The authors investigated the effect of changing these hydrodynamic characteristics on the performance of a tray column used for CO2 capture.

Steady-State Gas Flow from Tight Shale Matrix Subject to Water Blocking

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Pål Østebø Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Permeability Reduction ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Matrix Compression ◽  
Water Blocking ◽  
Matrix Subject

Summary This work studies 1D steady-state flow of gas from compressible shale matrix subject to water blocking toward a neighboring fracture. Water blocking is a capillary end effect causing wetting phase (e.g., water) to accumulate near the transition from matrix to fracture. Hydraulic fracturing is essential for economical shale gas production. Water is frequently used as fracturing fluid, but its accumulation in the matrix can reduce gas mobility and production rate. Gas transport is considered at a defined pressure drop. The model accounts for apparent permeability (slip), compressibility of gas and shale, permeability reduction, saturation tortuosity (reduced relative permeability upon compaction), and multiphase flow parameters like relative permeability and capillary pressure, which depend on wettability. The behavior of gas flow rate and distributions of gas saturation, pressure, and permeability subject to different conditions and the stated mechanisms is explored. Water blockage reduces gas relative permeability over a large zone and reduces the gas flow rate. Despite gas flowing, strong capillary forces sustain mobile water over the entire system. Reducing drawdown gave lower driving force and higher resistance (by water blockage) for gas flow. The results show that 75% reduction of drawdown made the gas flow rate a couple orders of magnitude lower compared to if there was no blockage. The impact was most severe in more water-wetsystems. The blockage caused most of the pressure drop to occur near the outlet. High pressure in the rest of the system reduced effects from gas decompression, matrix compression, and slip-enhanced permeability, whereas rapid gradients in all these effects occurred near the outlet. Gas decompression resulted in an approximately 10 times higher Darcy velocity and pressure gradient near the outlet compared to inlet, which contributed to removing blockage, but the added resistance reduced the gas production rate. Similarly, higher gas Corey exponent associated gas flow with higher pressure drop. The result was less blockage but lower gas production. Slip increased permeability, especially toward the outlet, and contributed to increase in gas production by 16%. Significant matrix compression was associated with permeability reduction and increased Corey exponent in some examples. These effects reduced production and shifted more of the pressure drop toward the outlet. Upstream pressure was more uniform, and less compression and permeability reduction were seen overall compared to a system without water blockage.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

On the Influence of Fluctuating Flow Rate Upon the Performance and Behaviour of Isothermal Reacting Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-898
Author(s):  
Otakar Trnka ◽  
Miloslav Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reacting Systems

Three simple computational techniques are proposed and employed to demonstrate the effect of fluctuating flow rate of feed on the behaviour and performance of an isothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), in which a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction occurs, is also considered. The influence of amplitude and frequency of gas flow rate fluctuations on reactant concentrations at the exit of the CSTR is shown in four different situations.

scholarly journals Investigation on influences of loose gas on gas-solid flows in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor using full-loop numerical simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengju Huo ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Haiying Qi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Mass Circulation

AbstractThe influences of loose gas on gas-solid flows in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification reactor were investigated using full-loop numerical simulation. The two-fluid model was coupled with the QC-energy minimization in multi-scale theory (EMMS) gas-solid drag model to simulate the fluidization in the CFB reactor. Effects of the loose gas flow rate, Q, on the solid mass circulation rate and the cyclone separation efficiency were analyzed. The study found different effects depending on Q: First, the particles in the loop seal and the standpipe tended to become more densely packed with decreasing loose gas flow rate, leading to the reduction in the overall circulation rate. The minimum Q that can affect the solid mass circulation rate is about 2.5% of the fluidized gas flow rate. Second, the sealing gas capability of the particles is enhanced as the loose gas flow rate decreases, which reduces the gas leakage into the cyclones and improves their separation efficiency. The best loose gas flow rates are equal to 2.5% of the fluidized gas flow rate at the various supply positions. In addition, the cyclone separation efficiency is correlated with the gas leakage to predict the separation efficiency during industrial operation.

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