Analysis of Bulk Negative Differential Mobility Element in a Circuit Containing Reactive Elements

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Solomon ◽  
M. P. Shaw ◽  
H. L. Grubin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Differential Mobility

High spatial resolution AEM observations of yttrium segregation in chromia scales grown on Co-45%Cr

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
K. Przybylski ◽  
A. J. Garratt-Reed ◽  
G. J. Yurek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Reactive Elements ◽  
Chromia Scales

The addition of so-called “reactive” elements such as yttrium to alloys is known to enhance the protective nature of Cr2O3 or Al2O3 scales. However, the mechanism by which this enhancement is achieved remains unclear. An A.E.M. study has been performed of scales grown at 1000°C for 25 hr. in pure O2 on Co-45%Cr implanted at 70 keV with 2x1016 atoms/cm2 of yttrium. In the unoxidized alloys it was calculated that the maximum concentration of Y was 13.9 wt% at a depth of about 17 nm. SIMS results showed that in the scale the yttrium remained near the outer surface.

Experimental Comparison of Four Differential Mobility Analyzers for Nanometer Aerosol Measurements

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fissan ◽  
D. Hummes ◽  
F. Stratmann ◽  
P. Büscher ◽  
S. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Differential Mobility

scholarly journals A novel tandem differential mobility analyzer with organic vapor treatment of aerosol particles

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joutsensaari ◽  
P. Vaattovaara ◽  
M. Vesterinen ◽  
K. Hämeri ◽  
A. Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Differential Mobility Analyzer ◽  
Differential Mobility ◽  
Organic Vapor

Abstract. A novel method to characterize the organic composition of aerosol particles has been developed. The method is based on organic vapor interaction with aerosol particles and it has been named an Organic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (OTDMA). The OTDMA method has been tested for inorganic (sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate) and organic (citric acid and adipic acid) particles. Growth curves of the particles have been measured in ethanol vapor and as a comparison in water vapor as a function of saturation ratio. Measurements in water vapor show that sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate as well as citric acid particles grow at water saturation ratios (S) of 0.8 and above, whereas adipic acid particles do not grow at S <  0.96. For sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate particles, a deliquescence point is observed at S = 0.75 and S = 0.79, respectively. Citric acid particles grow monotonously with increasing saturation ratios already at low saturation ratios and no clear deliquescence point is found. For sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate particles, no growth can be seen in ethanol vapor at saturation ratios below 0.93. In contrast, for adipic acid particles, the deliquescence takes place at around S = 0.95 in the ethanol vapor. The recrystallization of adipic acid takes place at S < 0.4. Citric acid particles grow in ethanol vapor similarly as in water vapor; the particles grow monotonously with increasing saturation ratios and no stepwise deliquescence is observed. The results show that the working principles of the OTDMA are operational for single-component aerosols. Furthermore, the results indicate that the OTDMA method may prove useful in determining whether aerosol particles contain organic substances, especially if the OTDMA is operated in parallel with a hygroscopicity TDMA, as the growth of many substances is different in ethanol and water vapors.

Predicting Differential Ion Mobility Behaviour in silico using Machine Learning

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ieritano ◽  
J. Larry Campbell ◽  
Scott Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Differential Mobility Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Mobility ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
Separation Conditions

Although there has been a surge in popularity of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) within analytical workflows, determining separation conditions within the DMS parameter space still requires manual optimization. A means...

Newly developed instrumentation for measuring highly oxidized molecules at atmospheric pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paap Koemets ◽  
Sander Mirme ◽  
Kuno Kooser ◽  
Heikki Junninen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Differential Mobility Analyzer ◽  
Neutral Cluster ◽  
Differential Mobility ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Ambient Measurements

&lt;p&gt;The Highly Oxidized Molecule Ion Spectrometer (HOMIS) is a novel instrument for measuring the total concentration of highly oxidized molecules (HOM-s) (Bianchi et al., 2019) at atmospheric pressure. The device combines a chemical ionization charger with a multi-channel differential mobility analyzer. The chemical ionization charger is based on the principles outlined by Eisele and Tanner (1993). The charger is attached to a parallel differential mobility analyzer identical to the ones used in the Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS, Mirme 2011), but with modified sample and sheath air flow rates to improve the mobility resolution of the device. The complete mobility distribution in the range from 3.2 to 0.056 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/V/s is measured simultaneously by 25 electrometers. The range captures the charger ions, monomers, dimers, trimers but also extends far towards larger particles to possibly detect larger HOM-s that have not been measured with existing instrumentation. The maximum time resolution of the device is 1 second allowing it to detect rapid changes in the sample. The device has been designed to be easy to use, require little maintenance and work reliably in various environments during long term measurements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First results of the prototype were acquired from laboratory experiments and ambient measurements. Experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Environmental Physics, University of Tartu. The sample was drawn from a reaction chamber where alpha-pinene and ozone were introduced. Initial results show a good response when concentrations of alpha-pinene and ozone were changed.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ambient measurements were conducted at the SMEAR Estonia measurement station in a hemiboreal forest for 10 days in the spring and two months in the winter of 2020. The HOMIS measurements were performed together with a CI-APi-TOF (Jokinen et al., 2012).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bianchi, F., Kurt&amp;#233;n, T., Riva, M., Mohr, C., Rissanen, M. P., Roldin, P., Berndt, T., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., Mentel, T. F., Wildt, J., Junninen, H., Jokinen, T., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Thornton, J. A., Donahue, N., Kjaergaard, H. G. and Ehn, M. (2019), &amp;#8220;Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol&amp;#8221;, Chemical Reviews, 119, 6, 3472&amp;#8211;3509&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eisele, F. L., Tanner D. J. (1993), &amp;#8220;Measurement of the gas phase concentration of H2SO4 and methane sulfonic acid and estimates of H2SO4 production and loss in the atmosphere&amp;#8221;, JGR: Atmospheres, 98, 9001-9010&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jokinen T., Sipil&amp;#228; M., Junninen H., Ehn M., L&amp;#246;nn G., Hakala J., Pet&amp;#228;j&amp;#228; T., Mauldin III R. L., Kulmala M., and Worsnop D. R. (2012), &amp;#8220;Atmospheric sulphuric acid and neutral cluster measurements using CI-APi-TOF&amp;#8221;, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 4117&amp;#8211;4125&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mirme, S. (2011), &amp;#8220;Development of nanometer aerosol measurement technology&amp;#8221;, Doctoral thesis, University of Tartu&lt;/p&gt;

Research on Time Jitter of GaAs Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches in the Negative Differential Mobility Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Juncheng Cao ◽  
Shaoqiang Wang ◽  
Chengang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Mobility ◽  
Time Jitter ◽  
Semiconductor Switches
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document