Manifestations of Sustained Secondary Electron Emission from Tin Oxide Films

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 4213-4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Raju ◽  
B. J. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Tin Oxide Films

Electron Emission from Vacuum Evaporated Tin-oxide Films

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Takao Hanasaka ◽  
Toru Satake ◽  
Masao Hashiba ◽  
Toshiro Yamashina
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Tin Oxide Films

Electron Emission from Regions of High Resistance in Tin Oxide Films

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1911-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Soellner ◽  
James F. Sprouse ◽  
T. A. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Tin Oxide Films

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

SEM and Auger microanalysis studies of Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each activation condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
T. Koshikawa ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
E. Sugata ◽  
F. Kanematsu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Activation Condition ◽  
Activation Conditions

The Cu-Be alloys are widely used as the electron multiplier dynodes after the adequate activation process. But the structures and compositions of the elements on the activated surfaces were not studied clearly. The Cu-Be alloys are heated in the oxygen atmosphere in the usual activation techniques. The activation conditions, e.g. temperature and O2 pressure, affect strongly the secondary electron yield and life time of dynodes.In the present paper, the activated Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each condition are investigated with Scanning Auger Microanalyzer (SAM) (primary beam diameter: 3μmϕ) and SEM. The commercial Cu-Be(2%) alloys were polished with Cr2O3 powder, rinsed in the distilled water and set in the vacuum furnance.Two typical activation condition, i.e. activation temperature 730°C and 810°C in 5x10-3 Torr O2 pressure were chosen since the formation mechanism of the BeO film on the Cu-Be alloys was guessed to be very different at each temperature from the results of the secondary electron emission measurements.

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