Electron Flow in Gas Diodes. II. Mobility‐Limited Flow for Collision Frequency Proportional to Electron Speed

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Ingold
Keyword(s):  
Collision Frequency ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Electron Speed

Bio-Inspired Submicron Electrodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Stanish ◽  
Daniel A. Lowy ◽  
Alok Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Charge Storage ◽  
Electroactive Material ◽  
Electron Coupling ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Submicron Scale ◽  
Potential Gradients

AbstractImmobilized polymerized electroactive vesicles (IPEVs) are submicron biocapsules capable of storing charge in confined environments and chemisorbing on surfaces. Methods to immobilize stable submicron sized electroactive vesicles and the means to measure electroactivity of IPEVs at nanolevels have been demonstrated. IPEVs can withstand steep potential gradients applied across their membrane, maintain their structural integrity against surfaces poised at high/low electrical potentials, retain electroactive material over several days, and reversibly mediate (within the membrane) electron flow between the electrode surface and vesicle interior. IPEVs have strong potential to be used for charge storage and electron coupling applications that operate on the submicron scale and smaller.

Physiological Role of Cyclic Electron Flow in Higher Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Wei HUANG ◽  
Shi-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kun-Fang CAO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow

scholarly journals Boundary conditions of viscous electron flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor I. Kiselev ◽  
Jörg Schmalian
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Electron Flow

scholarly journals Transcription Profile Analysis of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Leaves of Wild-Type and Chlorophyll b-Deficient Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Minh Khiem Nguyen ◽  
Tin-Han Shih ◽  
Szu-Hsien Lin ◽  
Jun-Wei Lin ◽  
Hoang Chinh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Chl Biosynthesis

Photosynthesis is an essential biological process and a key approach for raising crop yield. However, photosynthesis in rice is not fully investigated. This study reported the photosynthetic properties and transcriptomic profiles of chlorophyll (Chl) b-deficient mutant (ch11) and wild-type rice (Oryza sativa L.). Chl b-deficient rice revealed irregular chloroplast development (indistinct membranes, loss of starch granules, thinner grana, and numerous plastoglobuli). Next-generation sequencing approach application revealed that the differential expressed genes were related to photosynthesis machinery, Chl-biosynthesis, and degradation pathway in ch11. Two genes encoding PsbR (PSII core protein), FtsZ1, and PetH genes, were found to be down-regulated. The expression of the FtsZ1 and PetH genes resulted in disrupted chloroplast cell division and electron flow, respectively, consequently reducing Chl accumulation and the photosynthetic capacity of Chl b-deficient rice. Furthermore, this study found the up-regulated expression of the GluRS gene, whereas the POR gene was down-regulated in the Chl biosynthesis and degradation pathways. The results obtained from RT-qPCR analyses were generally consistent with those of transcription analysis, with the exception of the finding that MgCH genes were up-regulated which enhance the important intermediate products in the Mg branch of Chl biosynthesis. These results indicate a reduction in the accumulation of both Chl a and Chl b. This study suggested that a decline in Chl accumulation is caused by irregular chloroplast formation and down-regulation of POR genes; and Chl b might be degraded via the pheophorbide b pathway, which requires further elucidation.

scholarly journals Quantitative Ship Collision Frequency Estimation Models: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Mirko Čorić ◽  
Sadko Mandžuka ◽  
Anita Gudelj ◽  
Zvonimir Lušić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Collision Frequency ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Estimation Models

Ship collisions are one of the most common types of maritime accidents. Assessing the frequency and probability of ship collisions is of great importance as it provides a cost-effective and practical way to mitigate risk. In this paper, we present a review of quantitative ship collision frequency estimation models for waterway risk assessment, accompanied by a classification of the models and a description of their main modelling characteristics. Models addressing the macroscopic perspective in the estimation of ship collision frequency on waterways are reviewed in this paper with a total of 29 models. We extend the existing classification methodology and group the collected models accordingly. Special attention is given to the criteria used to detect potential ship collision candidates, as well as to causation probability and the correlation of models with real ship collision statistics. Limitations of the existing models and future improvement possibilities are discussed. The paper can be used as a guide to understanding current achievements in this field.

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