Charge-to-mass fractionation during injection and acceleration of suprathermal particles associated with the Bastille Day event: SOHO/CELIAS/HSTOF data

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bamert
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
Suprathermal Particles

Correction of mass fractionation for isotope dilution analysis by MC-ICP-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Le Zhang ◽  
Zhong-Yuan Ren ◽  
Jin-Long Ma ◽  
Xiao-Ping Xia
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Isotope Dilution Analysis ◽  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals Mass fractionation in hydrodynamic escape

Icarus ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Hunten ◽  
Robert O. Pepin ◽  
James C.G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fractionation

Suprathermal Particles. III. Electrons

1958 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Suprathermal Particles

scholarly journals The Archean atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Catling ◽  
Kevin J. Zahnle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Earth ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Surface Temperatures

The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth’s history—is important for understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies combined with models constrain atmospheric composition. They imply surface O2 levels <10−6 times present, N2 levels that were similar to today or possibly a few times lower, and CO2 and CH4 levels ranging ~10 to 2500 and 102 to 104 times modern amounts, respectively. The greenhouse gas concentrations were sufficient to offset a fainter Sun. Climate moderation by the carbon cycle suggests average surface temperatures between 0° and 40°C, consistent with occasional glaciations. Isotopic mass fractionation of atmospheric xenon through the Archean until atmospheric oxygenation is best explained by drag of xenon ions by hydrogen escaping rapidly into space. These data imply that substantial loss of hydrogen oxidized the Earth. Despite these advances, detailed understanding of the coevolving solid Earth, biosphere, and atmosphere remains elusive, however.

scholarly journals Improvements in Cd stable isotope analysis achieved through use of liquid–liquid extraction to remove organic residues from Cd separates obtained by extraction chromatography

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Murphy ◽  
Mark Rehkämper ◽  
Katharina Kreissig ◽  
Barry Coles ◽  
Tina van de Flierdt
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Organic Resin ◽  
Instrumental Mass Fractionation

During isotopic analysis of Cd by MC-ICP-MS, organic resin residue can perturb instrumental mass fractionation. These organic compounds can be removed by a liquid–liquid extraction procedure using heptane.

Mass fractionation of noble gases in diffusion-limited hydrodynamic hydrogen escape

Icarus ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Zahnle ◽  
James F. Kasting ◽  
James B. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gases ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Mass Fractionation

Monitoring biofilm detachment under dynamic changes in shear stress using laser-based particle size analysis and mass fractionation

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Choi ◽  
E. Morgenroth
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Annular Reactor ◽  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Biofilm Detachment

Biofilm detachment under a dynamic change in shear stress was monitored using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements (FBRM, LASENTEC®) and mass fractionation. An annular reactor was used to grow biofilm with glucose as substrate. Changing the rotational speed on the inner cylinder of the annular reactor from 150 RPM to 420 RPM induced a step increase in shear stress. It was observed that the rate of detachment increased rapidly after increasing shear stress and then returned to the previous level. Erosion was the dominant process of detachment under steady state operation, whereas sloughing was dominant following the sudden increase in shear stress. After reaching steady state detachment under high shear conditions, the rotational speed was decreased for a 12-hour period. During this brief period of lower shear, the biofilm adjusted to this new condition. When the shear stress was increased again, another sharp increase in effluent solids concentration was observed. A decrease in density indicates that the biofilm became more vulnerable to shear stress after being subjected to this short period of low shear.

scholarly journals Interstellar and Solar System organic matter preserved in interplanetary dust

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 426-426
Author(s):  
Scott Messenger ◽  
K. Nakamura-Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Interplanetary Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Short Period

AbstractInterplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the Earths stratosphere derive from collisions among asteroids and by the disruption and outgassing of short-period comets. Chondritic porous (CP) IDPs are among the most primitive Solar System materials. CP-IDPs have been linked to cometary parent bodies by their mineralogy, textures, C-content, and dynamical histories. CP-IDPs are fragile, fine-grained (< um) assemblages of anhydrous amorphous and crystalline silicates, oxides and sulfides bound together by abundant carbonaceous material. Ancient silicate, oxide, and SiC stardust grains exhibiting highly anomalous isotopic compositions are abundant in CP-IDPs, constituting 0.01-1% of the mass of the particles. The organic matter in CP-IDPs is isotopically anomalous, with enrichments in D/H reaching 50x the terrestrial SMOW value and 15N/14N ratios up to 3x terrestrial standard compositions. These anomalies are indicative of low T (10-100 K) mass fractionation in cold molecular cloud or the outermost reaches of the protosolar disk. The organic matter shows distinct morphologies, including sub-um globules, bubbly textures, featureless, and with mineral inclusions. Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies of organic matter in IDPs reveals diverse species including aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The organic matter with the highest isotopic anomalies appears to be richer in aliphatic compounds. These materials also bear similarities and differences with primitive, isotopically anomalous organic matter in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. The diversity of the organic chemistry, morphology, and isotopic properties in IDPs and meteorites reflects variable preservation of interstellar/primordial components and Solar System processing. One unifying feature is the presence of sub-um isotopically anomalous organic globules among all primitive materials, including IDPs, meteorites, and comet Wild-2 samples returned by the Stardust mission. We will present an overview of the current state of understanding of the properties and origins of organic matter in primitive IDPs.

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