Energy-level alignment at the tris-(8-hydroxyquinolate)-aluminum/Gd interface and Gd-electron-injection layer for organic electroluminescent device

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 3726-3728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Cheul Kim ◽  
Soon Nam Kwon ◽  
Myung-Woon Choi ◽  
Chung Nam Whang ◽  
Kwangho Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Electroluminescent Device ◽  
Electron Injection Layer ◽  
Energy Level Alignment ◽  
Organic Electroluminescent

Energy level alignment, electron injection, and charge recombination characteristics in CdS/CdSe cosensitized TiO2 photoelectrode

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 012101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Fa Chi ◽  
Hsun-Wei Cho ◽  
Hsisheng Teng ◽  
Cho-Ying Chuang ◽  
Yu-Ming Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Charge Recombination ◽  
Energy Level Alignment ◽  
Tio2 Photoelectrode

Energy level alignment and band bending at model interfaces of organic electroluminescent devices

2000 ◽  
Vol 87-89 ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ishii ◽  
H Oji ◽  
E Ito ◽  
N Hayashi ◽  
D Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Band Bending ◽  
Electroluminescent Devices ◽  
Energy Level Alignment ◽  
Organic Electroluminescent

Efficiency enhancement in an inverted organic light-emitting device with a TiO2 electron injection layer through interfacial engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 8206-8212
Author(s):  
Chunxiu Zang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Shihao Liu ◽  
Wenbin Guo ◽  
Letian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Interfacial Engineering ◽  
Electron Injection Layer ◽  
Organic Light

The performance of IOLEDs with a TiO2 EIL is significantly improved by improving electron injection through a stepped energy level interlayer and reducing quenching.

Energy Level Alignment at Bebq2/PEI/ITO Interfaces Studied by UV Photoemission Spectroscopy

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (42) ◽  
pp. 2261-2266
Author(s):  
Kohei Shimizu ◽  
Hirohiko Fukagawa ◽  
Katsuyuki Morii ◽  
Hiroumi Kinjo ◽  
Tomoya Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
Level Shift ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Energy Level Alignment ◽  
Improvement Effect

ABSTRACTA polyethyleneimine (PEI) interlayer has been applied on indium tin oxide (ITO) to improve electron injection in organic devices including inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To understand the improvement effect by PEI insertion, the energy level alignment at bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium (Bebq2)/PEI/ITO interfaces was investigated by UV photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The deposition of a PEI layer was found to reduce the absolute work function of ITO by 1.4 eV. The vacuum level shifts at Bebq2/ITO and Bebq2/PEI interfaces were also determined as 0.3 eV and 0.1 eV in the direction to reduce the electron injection barrier, respectively. Thus the work function reduction by PEI and downward vacuum level shift at the Bebq2/PEI interface can contribute to the improvement effect. Kelvin probe measurement revealed the weak orientation polarization in Bebq2 film with the bottom side positively polarized. This polarization polarity is also advantageous for electron injection in inverted devices.

Energy Level Alignment at Titanium Oxide–Dye Interfaces: Implications for Electron Injection and Light Harvesting

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (18) ◽  
pp. 9899-9909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Lasser ◽  
Enrico Ronca ◽  
Mariachiara Pastore ◽  
Filippo De Angelis ◽  
Jérôme Cornil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Energy Level Alignment
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