Role of collective effects in dominance of scattering off thermal ions over Langmuir wave decay: Analysis, simulations, and space applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4901-4915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver H. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Langmuir Wave ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Wave Decay

Regulation of differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells by interferon beta in multiple sclerosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying CQ Zang ◽  
Sheri M Skinner ◽  
Rachel R Robinson ◽  
Sufang Li ◽  
Victor M Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Immune Deviation ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Delayed Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Properties

Interferon beta (IFN beta) has complex immune regulatory properties that contribute to its treatment effect on multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we investigated the role of IFN beta in differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells that are critical to the inflammatory process in MS. The results revealed that IFN beta inhibited intracellular production of interleukin (IL)-1b (PB/0.01) in both monocytes exposed toin vitro treatment of IFN beta and monocytes analysedex vivo from MS patients treated with IFN beta. IFN beta was shown to modulate differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF, which resulted in a delayed differentiation process. Furthermore, it characteristically altered the phenotypic features of differentiated dendritic cells by inhibiting the expression of CD1a, CD11b, CD11c, CD123 and CD209 while upregulating costimulatory molecules, such as CD86. The selective regulatory properties of IFN beta appeared to render the function of differentiated dendritic cells to produce an increased amount (PB/0.01) while their ability to secrete proinflammatory IL-12 and TGF beta was significantly reduced. The observed collective effects of IFN beta seemed to correlate with Th2 immune deviation. The study has provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of IFN beta in the treatment of MS.

Langmuir wave decay and collapse in the Jovian foreshock

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerold P. Thiessen ◽  
Paul J. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Langmuir Wave ◽  
Wave Decay

scholarly journals Pressure Losses at Moderate Reynolds Numbers in Diamond-Shaped Cylinders Arrays: Application to Microregenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sochinskii ◽  
D. Colombet ◽  
M. Medrano Muñoz ◽  
F. Ayela ◽  
N. Luchier
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Apex Angle ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Compact Heat Exchangers ◽  
Poiseuille Number

Abstract Cylinders with an elliptical, oblong, lenticular, sinus, or diamond transveral shape are very interesting geometries for the design of compact heat exchangers. This work investigates the role of the porosity and of the apex angle of diamond-shaped cylinders networks on the pressure losses, at moderate Reynolds numbers, inside microheat regenerators. The design of the geometry under test has been chosen so that the cross section of the flow remains almost constant along the path of the flow between cylinders. Experiments have been performed at 1 ⩽ Re ⩽ 30 and a porosity range 0.40<ε<0.90 for an apex angle of α=33deg. Numerical simulations have been conducted using the same Reynolds and porosity ranges but varying the apex angle 33deg ⩽ α ⩽ 90deg. Experimental measurements and dimensional analysis have shown that the friction factor can be affected by the porosity. Two-dimensional numerical simulations confirmed that the friction factor increases with the porosity but also with the apex angle. An analysis at the scale of a channel flanked by adjacent cylinders has provided an original correlation able to describe easily the evolution of the Poiseuille number and the collective effects on the drag coefficient as a function of α and ε. Such a diamond-shaped design is found to induce much lower Poiseuille numbers than those expected from conventional stacked spheres, woven wires, and circular cylinders arrays. The findings of this study can help for better understanding the optimization of low pressure drop regenerators and how to reduce associated hydraulic power.

On the role of diamond, HTS, and a novel MCM topology in the development of multichip power modules (MCPMS) for space applications

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Olejniczak ◽  
K. C. Burgers ◽  
S. S. Ang ◽  
A. P. Malshe ◽  
H. A. Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Applications ◽  
Power Modules

Comment: Social Integration and Health: Contributions of the Social Sharing of Emotion at the Individual, the Interpersonal, and the Collective Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Bernard Rimé
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Sharing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bidirectional Flow

Among the four components proposed by Sbarra and Coan (2018) to guide the research aimed at understanding the role of emotion in the connection between social relationship and health, I view the fourth one, labeled “transactional dimensions,” as offering particularly rich promises in this regard. To illustrate, I sketch the example of individual, interpersonal, and collective effects entailed by the process of social sharing of emotion. The example rests on the bidirectional flow of transactions that develops continuously between these three levels.

The role of collective effects in the kinetics of a molecular plasma generated by a particle beam. Application to nitrogen

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PEYRAUD-CUENCA ◽  
P. FAUCHER
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Maxwellian Distribution ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Coulomb Interactions ◽  
Cold Electrons ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Molecular Plasma

A molecular plasma generated by a particle beam generally departs strongly from a Maxwellian distribution and exhibits a pronounced depletion of electrons as soon as cold electrons cross the first vibrational barrier. We show that this situation produces screened Coulomb interactions that enlarge the Coulomb cross-section in the neighbourhood of this first vibrational threshold. Including these screened interactions through the Balescu–Lenard operator with all excitation transitions leads to a modification of the distribution at the first vibrational barrier. An application is given to the case of low-pressure nitrogen lasers.

scholarly journals LANGMUIR WAVE DECAY IN INHOMOGENEOUS SOLAR WIND PLASMAS: SIMULATION RESULTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 809 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Krafft ◽  
A. S. Volokitin ◽  
V. V. Krasnoselskikh
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Langmuir Wave ◽  
Wave Decay ◽  
Simulation Results
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