Long-term stable direct current bias operation in electro-optic polymer modulators with an electrically compatible multilayer structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 2236-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Shi ◽  
Wenshen Wang ◽  
Weiping Lin ◽  
David J. Olson ◽  
James H. Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Direct Current Bias ◽  
Polymer Modulators

scholarly journals A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Lingjun Li ◽  
Guangli Li ◽  
Yuliang Cao ◽  
Yvonne Yanwen Duan
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Sintered Ag ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has been widely used in the clinical intervention and treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Sintered Ag/AgCl electrode has become a preferred candidate for HD-tDCS, but its service life is very short, especially for long-term anodal stimulation. To address this issue, a novel highly durable conductive carbon/silver/silver chloride composite (C/Ag/AgCl) electrode was fabricated by a facile cold rolling method. The important parameters were systematically optimized, including the conductive enhancer, the particle size of Ag powder, the C:Ag:PTFE ratio, the saline concentration, and the active substance loading. The CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrode demonstrated excellent specific capacity and cycling performance. Both constant current anodal polarization and simulated tDCS measurement demonstrated that the service life of the CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrodes was 15-16 times of that of sintered Ag/AgCl electrodes. The much longer service life can be attributed to the formation of the three-dimensional interpenetrating conductive network with CNT doping, which can maintain a good conductivity and cycling performance even if excessive non-conductive AgCl is accumulated on the surface during long-term anodal stimulation. Considering their low cost, long service life, and good skin tolerance, the proposed CNT/Ag/AgCl electrodes have shown promising application prospects in HD-tDCS, especially for daily life scenarios.

Bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces alcohol consumption and induces long-term neurochemical changes in rats with neuropathic pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 136014
Author(s):  
Daniela Silva Santos ◽  
Liciane Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Dirson João Stein ◽  
Isabel Cristina De Macedo ◽  
Diego Evandro Da Silva Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Neurochemical Changes

Fibrous structures on diamond and carbon surfaces formed by hydrogen plasma under direct-current bias and field electron-emission properties

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kobashi ◽  
Takeshi Tachibana ◽  
Yoshihiro Yokota ◽  
Nobuyuki Kawakami ◽  
Kazushi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Direct Current Bias ◽  
Conical Structures

Polycrystalline diamond films, single crystal bulk diamonds, and diamond powder were treated in microwave plasma of hydrogen at 1.6 torr under a negative direct-current bias of −150 to −300 V without metal catalyst. It was found that fibrous structures, uniformly elongated along the direction normal to the specimen surface, were formed on the diamond surfaces. Similar experiments for glasslike carbon resulted in conical structures with frizzy fibers at the tops. Transmission electron microscopy measurements indicated that the fibers formed on diamond consisted of randomly oriented diamond nanocrystals with diameters of less than 10 nm, while the conical structures formed on glasslike carbon consisted of graphite nanocrystals. Field emission measurements of the fibrous specimens exhibited better emission efficiency than untreated ones. The field emission electron microscopy of the fibrous glasslike carbon showed a presence of discrete electron emission sites at a density of approximately 10,000 sites/cm2.

Packaged high-speed electro-optic polymer modulators

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Dinu ◽  
Danliang Jin ◽  
Diyun Huang ◽  
Mary K. Koenig ◽  
Anna M. Barklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Polymer Modulators

Multilayer graphene frequency doubler using direct-current bias and reflector networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (17) ◽  
pp. 175103
Author(s):  
Ying Hou ◽  
Manlai Ding ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
Xueshi Hou ◽  
Xiaoling Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Frequency Doubler ◽  
Direct Current Bias

A Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna based on Few Layer Graphene

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Sheng-lan Wang ◽  
Jing-Song Hong ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
Zhi-jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Surface Impedance ◽  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Reconfigurable Antenna ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Direct Current Bias ◽  
Few Layer Graphene ◽  
Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna was presented. This antenna is made up of a square loop and a microstrip line with a gap, in which the few layer graphene (FLG) sheet is located to achieve frequency reconfigurable. FLG is likes a lumped resistor with resistance. And the surface impedance can be adjusted by applying a direct current bias voltage, which obtains two work modes that imitate switch. Additionally, the experimental evidence show the proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna can provide a tunable bandwidth.

scholarly journals Verbal long-term memory is enhanced by retrieval practice but impaired by prefrontal direct current stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tad T. Brunyé ◽  
Amy M. Smith ◽  
Carlene B. Horner ◽  
Ayanna K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation
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