Single-beam integrating sphere spectrophotometer for reflectance and transmittance measurements versus angle of incidence in the solar wavelength range on diffuse and specular samples

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Nostell ◽  
Arne Roos ◽  
Daniel Rönnow
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Single Beam

The Solar Transmittance of Some Convection Suppression Devices for Solar Energy Applications: An Experimental Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Azimuth Angle ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Correlation Equations ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Extensive Information

The solar transmittance of seven convection suppression devices (CDSs) has been measured as a function of both angle of incidence and azimuth angle using a large integrating sphere test facility. The CSD designs tested include a honeycomb and various slat geometries made from FEP Teflon1 film, and a tubular glass honeycomb. All FEP Teflon CSDs tested had solar transmittances not less than 0.94 for angles of incidence up to 45 deg, whereas for the glass tubular CSD, the solar transmittance was not less than 0.87 over the same range. The results for FEP Teflon CSDs compare well with previous theoretical and experimental studies of similar CSDs. Empirical solar transmittance correlation equations have been derived, based on a simple CSD solar transmittance model, and they match the measured performance of the CSDs to within 2 percent. The transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance of each CSD to isotropic diffuse radiation have been determined. The radiation properties data presented provides extensive information on some alternative CSD designs, some of which have not been analysed previously.

Fourier Transform Reflectance Spectrometry between 8000 cm−1 (1.25 μm) and 800 cm−1 (12.5 μm) Using an Integrating Sphere

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Hemispherical Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
High Purity Silicon ◽  
Silicon And Germanium ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Absolute Reflectance

Spectral measurements of the directional hemispherical reflectance of samples exhibiting variant reflection behavior were performed in the near and mid infrared spectral region using the integrating sphere method. The main components of the experimental setup were a sphere with a diffuse gold coating and a commercial Fourier transform spectrometer for the spectral analysis of the radiation incident on and reflected by the sample which is located in the center of the sphere. The capability of the device to measure absolute reflectances was tested with polished slices of high purity silicon and germanium, the reflectances of which can be calculated from the refractive indices. Agreement between the measured and calculated values was found to be within 0.01. Diffuse reflectance standards are not yet available in the infrared. The uncertainty of absolute reflectance measurements is estimated to be ±0.02. Several examples of chemical and technical applications are presented. A relatively low spectral resolution, 16 cm−1, was used to keep the measurement times short, within the range of a few minutes, thereby minimizing signal drifts. Higher resolution, sometimes necessary for special purposes in chemical analysis, can be attained by longer measurement times. No extensive sample preparation and adjustment is necessary besides the choice of the desired angle of incidence.

scholarly journals Optical investigation of bovine grey and white matters in visible and near-infrared ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Ali Shahin ◽  
Wesam Bachir ◽  
Moustafa Sayem El-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Optical Investigation

Abstract Introduction: Due to enormous interests for laser in medicine and biology, optical properties characterization of different tissue have be affecting in development processes. In addition, the optical properties of biological tissues could be influenced by storage methods. Thus, optical properties of bovine white and grey tissues preserved by formalin have been characterized over a wide wavelength spectrum varied between 440 nm and 1000 nm. Materials and Methods: To that end, a single integrating sphere system was assembled for spectroscopic characterization and an inverse adding-doubling algorithm was used to retrieve optical coefficients, i.e. reduced scattering and absorption coefficients. Results: White matter has shown a strong scattering property in comparison to grey matter. On the other hand, the grey matter has absorbed light extensively. In comparison, the reduced scattering profile for both tissue types turned out to be consistent with prior works that characterized optical coefficients in vivo. On the contrary, absorption coefficient behavior has a different feature. Conclusion: Formalin could change the tissue’s optical properties because of the alteration of tissue’s structure and components. The absence of hemoglobin that seeps out due to the use of a formalin could reduce the absorption coefficient over the visible range. Both the water replacement by formalin could reduce the refractive index of a stored tissue and the absence of hemoglobin that scatters light over the presented wavelength range should diminish the reduced scattering coefficients over that wavelength range.

scholarly journals Optical properties in the visible range of two different India ink used as biological phantoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 10502
Author(s):  
Ali Shahin ◽  
Wesam Bachir ◽  
Moustafa Sayem El-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Absorption Feature ◽  
Absorption Property ◽  
Structural Profile ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Visible Wavelength Range ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Radiometric Characteristics

The optical characteristics of two different brands of India ink, Parker Quink and Pelikan, as an absorber used in preparation a tissue-simulating phantom, have been investigated at visible wavelength range. For this purpose, a single integrating sphere system and a spectrophotometric transmission spectroscopy have been used to estimate the radiometric characteristics. Then, inverse adding-doubling algorithm was implemented to retrieve the optical coefficients of pure ink samples. Parker ink's absorption behavior turned out to incompatible with Pelikan over the present wavelength range. Furthermore, scattering property of both two brands has been exhibited and the albedo was calculated. Parker albedo showed a decremental behavior with wavelength and varied between 0.381 and 0.13. A structural profile of albedo was found for Pelikan, which varied between 0.366 and 0.03. This discrepancy might be explained by the variety of two brands composition besides experimental errors. Furthermore, Parker ink absorption variation turned out to be in correspondence to several tissues' absorption feature over broad wavelength ranges. Finally, Parker ink could be regarded as a better candidate to mimic absorption property for several tissues.

scholarly journals Polystyrene Microsphere Optical Properties by Kubelka–Munk and Diffusion Approximation with a Single Integrating Sphere System: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shahin ◽  
Wesam Bachir ◽  
Moustafa Sayem El-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Diffusion Approximation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Absorption Property ◽  
Relative Errors

The optical properties of 1 μm polystyrene in the wavelength range of 500–750 nm were estimated by using a white light spectrophotometric transmittance spectroscopy and a single integrating sphere system. To retrieve the optical characteristics, two analytical methods, namely, diffusion approximation and Kubelka–Munk were used, and then their results were compared with Mie theory calculations. The correspondence of the Kubelka–Munk scattering coefficient with Mie was obvious, and relative errors varied between 6.73% and 2.66% whereas errors varied between 6.87% and 3.62% for diffusion theory. Both analytical methods demonstrated the absorption property of polystyrene over the abovementioned wavelength range. Although absorption coefficient turned out to be much lower than scattering, constructing a realistic optical phantom requires taking into account absorption property of polystyrene. Complex refractive index of polystyrene based on these two methods was determined. Inverse Mie algorithm with scattering coefficient was also used to retrieve the real part of refractive index and absorption coefficient for calculating the imaginary part of refractive index. The relative errors of the real part did not exceed 2.6%, and the imaginary part was in consistence with the prior works. Finally, the presented results confirm the validity of diffusion theory with a single integrating sphere system.

scholarly journals Determination of the optical properties of Intralipid 20% over a broadband spectrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shahin ◽  
Moustafa Sayem El-Daher ◽  
Wesam Bachir
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Dover Publication

The aim of this study is to characterize the optical properties of Intralipid20% using two methods modified Kubelka-Munk model and Mie theory and to test the applicability of a modified Kubelka-Munk model with a single integrating sphere system over a wide wavelength range 470 – 725nm. Scattering coefficients which estimated by these two methods were matched and the absorption effect was observed and quantified. Finally, the imaginary part of the refractive index was estimated besides scattering, absorption and anisotropy coefficients. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB.W. Pogue, and M.S. Patterson, "Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry", J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 4(2006). CrossRef J. Hwang, C. Ramella-Roman, and R. Nordstrom, "Introduction: Feature Issue on Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices", Biomed. Opt. Express. 3, 6(2012). CrossRef P. Ninni, F. Martelli, and G. Zaccanti, "Intralipid: towards a diffusive reference standard for optical tissue phantoms", Phys. Med. Biol 56, 2(2011). CrossRef S. Flock, S. Jacques, B. Wilson, W. Star, and J.C. van Gemert, "Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies", Lasers. Surg. Med 4, 12(1992). CrossRef R. Michels, F. Foschum, and A. Kienle, "Optical properties of fat emulsions", Opt. Express. 16, 8(2008). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Calibration of scattering and absorption properties of a liquid diffusive medium at NIR wavelengths. Time-resolved method", Opt. Express. 15, 11(2007). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Determination of reference values for optical properties of liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink", Biomed. Opt. Express. 5, 7(2014). CrossRef H. van Staveren, C. Moes, J. van Marle, S. Prahl, and J. van Gemert, "Light scattering in lntralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm", Appl. Opt. 30, 31(1991). CrossRef B. Wilson, M. Patterson, and S. Flock, "Indirect versus direct techniques for the measurement of the optical properties of tissues", Photochem. Photobiol. 46, 5(1987). CrossRef H. Soleimanzad, H. Gurden, and F. Pain, "Optical properties of mice skull bone in the 455- to 705-nm range", J. Biomed. Opt. 22, 1(2017). CrossRef C. Holmer et al. "Optical properties of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction", J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 1(2007). CrossRef S. Thennadil, "Relationship between the Kubelka–Munk scattering and radiative transfer coefficients", OSA. 25, 7(2008). CrossRef L. Yang, and B. Kruse, "Qualifying the arguments used in the derivation of the revised Kubelka–Munk theory: reply", OSA. 21, 10(2004). CrossRef W. Vargas, and G. Niklasson, "Applicability conditions of the Kubelka–Munk theory", Appl. Opt. 36, 22(1997). CrossRef A. Krainov, A. Mokeeva, E. Segeeva, P. Agrba, and M. Kirillin, "Optical properties of mouse biotissues and their optical phantoms", Opt. Spec. 115, 2(2013). CrossRef H.C. van de Hulst, Light Scattering by Small Particles. (New York, Dover Publication 1981). CrossRef C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption. (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption, version 2 (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink G. Segelstein, The complex refractive index of water [dissertation]. (Kansas, university of Missouri-Kansas city 1981). DirectLink A. Shahin, and W. Bachir, Pol. J. Med. Phys. Eng. 21, 4(2017). CrossRef

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Organized Nanostructure Arrays Generated by Laser Irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfeng Guan ◽  
A.J. Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Direct Irradiation ◽  
Nanostructure Arrays ◽  
Mirror Configuration

AbstractOne and two-dimensional arrays of nanoripples and nanoprotrusions can be generated by pulsed laser irradiation. Nanoprotrusions were produced on the surface of silicon when a Lloyd's mirror configuration was used, and could develop to a height of 80 nm. Atomic force and high resolution scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that these structures are preceded by the formation of extended ripples that can reach a height of up to 12 nm. It is shown that one or two identifiable arrays of mutually orthogonal ripples may form. Out of the four differently- spaced ripple arrays that were found, three indicated a very close connection with the production of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Interference of the incoming or refracted laser beam and the laser light scattered by surface undulations has been recognized as the cause of LIPSS formation. The present experiments show that the Lloyd's mirror configuration strongly enhances the formation of ripples and that nanoprotrusions form, sometimes at the intersection of two mutually orthogonal sets of ripples. Each of the beams, the directly incident and the mirror-reflected beam, independently produce an interference pattern with their corresponding scattered beams. However, these two independently generated patterns coincide because their periodicity is only a function of the angle of incidence. Thus, the two interference patterns reinforce each other's effects on the substrate. Single beam, direct irradiation of the substrate failed to induce nanoprotrusions, although 1-D ripple arrays developed.

Experimental Investigation on Radiation Characteristic of Nanofluids for Direct Absorption Solar Collectors

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Bo He
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Radiation Characteristic ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Direct Absorption ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Absorption Properties

In this article, Cu-H2O, Co-H2O, MWCNT-H2O nanofluids were prepared through two-step method. The transmittance of nanofluids over solar spectrum (250 to 2500nm) was measured by the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer based on integrating sphere principle. The factors of various particle size, mass fraction and optical path influencing transmittance of nanofluids were investigated. The experimental results show that the transmittance of the three nanofluids is much less than that of deionized water. The transmittance decreased with the nanoparticle size and mass fraction increasing, but increased with the optical path length reducing. With the same mass fraction, the transmittance of MWCNT-H2O nanofluids is the minimum. The transmittance of Co-H2O nanofluids is higher than that of Cu-H2O nanofluids within 250~775nm wavelength range, while inverse in 775~1370nm wavelength range. It indicates that different particle has diverse light absorption properties in different wavelength range.

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