Melting and triple point temperatures of gallium as fixed points of the International Practical Temperature Scale

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Borovička ◽  
Henry E. Sostman
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale

scholarly journals The succinonitrile triple-point standard: a fixed point to improve the accuracy of temperature measurements in the clinical laboratory.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1380-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Mangum
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale ◽  
Triple Point Temperature

Abstract In an investigation of the melting and freezing behavior of succinonitrile, the triple-point temperature was determined to be 58.0805 degrees C, with an estimated uncertainty of +/- 0.0015 degrees C relative to the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 (IPTS-68). The triple-point temperature of this material is evaluated as a temperature-fixed point, and some clinical laboratory applications of this fixed point are proposed. In conjunction with the gallium and ice points, the availability of succinonitrile permits thermistor thermometers to be calibrated accurately and easily on the IPTS-68.

Thermocouples above 600°C: Infra-Red Thermometers and Optical Pyrometers

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
R. Barber ◽  
M. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale

This paper outlines the important features in the calibration of all types of thermocouples and infra-red thermometers using the established methods of calibration. The International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 is described with reference to the fixed points and methods of interpolation between them. The principle of traceability is described and also the various traceability routes via Absolute, Secondary and Transfer Standards which can be employed. Importance is placed on the provision of written procedures, schedules for routine checking and maintenance of full and accurate records. This work should be the responsibility of a co-ordinating expert. Descriptions are given of temperature sources and ancilliary equipment necessary for establishing a works laboratory which requires traceability to National Standards. The normally attainable levels of uncertainty are given for a number of examples.

The specific heats of copper, silver, and gold below 300 K

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Debye Temperature ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale

Specific-heat measurements on silver and gold in the 15–320 K range are reported and compared with earlier measurements on these metals. The present results together with recent measurements on copper (D. L. Martin, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 639 (1987)) are analyzed in terms of the Debye temperature. The results suggest a negative anharmonic contribution to specific heat for silver and gold. Structure in the results for all three metals below 60 K is consistent with known imperfections in the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968.

The Gallium Melting-Point Standard: A Determination of the Liquid—Solid Equilibrium Temperature of Pure Gallium on the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Melting Range ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale ◽  
Gallium Melting Point

Abstract The sharpness and reproducibility of the gallium melting point were studied, and the melting temperature of gallium in terms of IPTS-68 was determined. Small melting-point cells designed for use with thermistors are described. Nine gallium cells including three levels of purity were used in 68 separate determinations of the melting point. The melting point of 99.99999% pure gallium in terms of IPTS-68 is found to be 29.7714 ± 0.0014 °C; the melting range is less than 0.0005 °C and is reproducible to ±0.0004 °C.

Calibration and Application Techniques for Platinum Resistance Thermometers

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Benedict ◽  
R. J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Platinum Resistance Thermometers ◽  
Resistance Thermometers ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale ◽  
Resistance Thermometry

The International Practical Temperature Scale has been redefined recently. It follows that the interpolating equations relating platinum resistance to temperature must be reevaluated for all platinum resistance thermometers which are used as standards for calibration work. After a brief review of the former calibration procedure, the new temperature scale is discussed as it affects resistance thermometry in the temperature range from 0 C to 630.74 C. An example based on new experimental data is given to illustrate the method of determining thermometer constants for the new scale, and to indicate the magnitude of the changes required.

A digitally linearized thermistor thermometer referenced to IPTS-68.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 1813-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Berger ◽  
T Clem ◽  
C Gibson ◽  
W Siwek ◽  
M Sapoff
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Practical Temperature ◽  
Practical Temperature Scale ◽  
Heat Sinking

Abstract We describe a digitally linearized thermistor thermometer that is accurate to ±0.01 °C from 0 to 60 °C at a wattage of 50 microW and a sampling time of 1 s. It is traceable to the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 (IPTS-68). Analog and digital outputs are provided, the latter as ASCII RS-232C. The thermistor is a 10-cm long immersible probe, 1.5 mm in diameter. Only 0.5 cm of the probe need be immersed, with proper heat sinking of at least 1 cm of the remaining 9.5 cm, for accurate readings. Error from self-heating of the thermistor is less than 5 × 10(-3) °C at all power settings from 50 to 1 microW.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document