APACHE: A low‐background hard x‐ray spectrometer for 10.6‐μm laser fusion experiments

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Priedhorsky ◽  
D. Lier
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fusion ◽  
Low Background ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fusion Experiments

Focusing x‐ray spectrograph for laser fusion experiments

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yaakobi ◽  
R. E. Turner ◽  
H. W. Schnopper ◽  
P. O. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fusion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fusion Experiments

Pinhole-array x-ray spectrometer for laser-fusion experiments

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (34) ◽  
pp. 8074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barukh Yaakobi ◽  
Fredric J. Marshall ◽  
David K. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fusion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fusion Experiments

An absolutely timed x‐ray streak camera for laser fusion experiments

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 6302-6306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Letzring ◽  
E. I. Thorsos ◽  
W. D. Friedman ◽  
W. Seka ◽  
J. E. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Streak Camera ◽  
Laser Fusion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fusion Experiments

X-ray emission from laser fusion targets

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Slivinsky
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fusion ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Upconversion Spectral Rulers for Transcutaneous Displacement Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Suckey ◽  
Donald W. Benza ◽  
John D. DesJardins ◽  
Jeffrey N. Anker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Low Background ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Spectral Peaks ◽  
Displacement Measurements ◽  
Minimal Intensity

We describe a method to measure micron to millimeter displacement through tissue using an upconversion spectral ruler. Measuring stiffness (displacement under load) in muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons is important for studying and monitoring healing of injuries. Optical displacement measurements are useful because they are sensitive and noninvasive. Optical measurements through tissue must use spectral rather than imaging approaches because optical scattering in the tissue blurs the image with a point spread function typically around the depth of the tissue. Additionally, the optical measurement should have low background and minimal intensity dependence. Previously, we demonstrated a spectral encoder using either X-ray luminescence or fluorescence, but the X-ray luminescence required an expensive X-ray source and used ionizing radiation, while the fluorescence sensor suffered from interference from autofluorescence. Here, we used upconversion, which can be provided with a simple fiber-coupled spectrometer with essentially autofluorescence-free signals. The upconversion phosphors provide a low background signal, and the use of closely spaced spectral peaks minimizes spectral distortion from the tissue. The small displacement noise level (precision) through tissue was 2 µm when using a microscope-coupled spectrometer to collect light. We also showed proof of principle for measuring strain on a tendon mimic. The approach provides a simple method to study biomechanics using implantable sensors.

scholarly journals Ultrafast Gated Intensifier Design for Laser Fusion X-Ray Framing Applications

1984 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Price ◽  
Jay D. Wiedwald ◽  
Ralph Kalibjian ◽  
Stanley W. Thomas ◽  
William M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fusion ◽  
X Ray
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