Stable secondary electron emission observations from chemical vapor deposited diamond

1994 ◽  
Vol 65 (21) ◽  
pp. 2702-2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Mearini ◽  
I. L. Krainsky ◽  
J. A. Dayton ◽  
Yaxin Wang ◽  
Christian A. Zorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited

Stable secondary electron emission from chemical vapor deposited diamond films coated with alkali‐halides

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Mearini ◽  
I. L. Krainsky ◽  
J. A. Dayton ◽  
Yaxin Wang ◽  
Christian A. Zorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited

scholarly journals Mixed Films Based on MgO for Secondary Electron Emission Application: General Trends and MOCVD Prospects

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Inga G. Vasilyeva ◽  
Evgeniia S. Vikulova ◽  
Alena A. Pochtar ◽  
Natalya B. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Mixed Films ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Doping process is widely used to improving emission performance of MgO films thicker than 10 nm via assisting the surface recharge and changing in electron structure. The present paper briefly reviews this strategy in a search for the new materials and structures being effective for secondary electron emission (SEE) and their diagnostics. Then, Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) coupled with the specially selected precursor is suggested here as a new technique that transforms the refractory oxides to nanoscale, defect-disordered materials able to solid-solid interaction at 450 °C. Primary experiments have been performed for demanded mixed films based on MgO with ZrO2 and CeO2 additions. A dopant impact on facilitating the formation of oxygen vacancies in the host oxide and on the features of new mixed phases have been studied by new diagnostic means, based primarily on chemical method of differential dissolution. The method brought out the effective solvents that were the probes for identifying the nanoscale and amorphous phases possessing by the different defects on the surface of MgO films and determining contents of these phases. This approach allowed us to explain the origin of mixed phases and to estimate contribution of each from them in the macroscopic SEE properties.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

SEM and Auger microanalysis studies of Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each activation condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
T. Koshikawa ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
E. Sugata ◽  
F. Kanematsu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Activation Condition ◽  
Activation Conditions

The Cu-Be alloys are widely used as the electron multiplier dynodes after the adequate activation process. But the structures and compositions of the elements on the activated surfaces were not studied clearly. The Cu-Be alloys are heated in the oxygen atmosphere in the usual activation techniques. The activation conditions, e.g. temperature and O2 pressure, affect strongly the secondary electron yield and life time of dynodes.In the present paper, the activated Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each condition are investigated with Scanning Auger Microanalyzer (SAM) (primary beam diameter: 3μmϕ) and SEM. The commercial Cu-Be(2%) alloys were polished with Cr2O3 powder, rinsed in the distilled water and set in the vacuum furnance.Two typical activation condition, i.e. activation temperature 730°C and 810°C in 5x10-3 Torr O2 pressure were chosen since the formation mechanism of the BeO film on the Cu-Be alloys was guessed to be very different at each temperature from the results of the secondary electron emission measurements.

SEM analysis of DC magnetron sputtered beryllium films

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 960-961
Author(s):  
E. F. Lindsey ◽  
C. W. Price ◽  
E. L. Pierce ◽  
E. J. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Silica Substrate

Columnar structures produced by DC magnetron sputtering can be altered by using RF biased sputtering or by exposing the film to nitrogen pulses during sputtering, and these techniques are being evaluated to refine the grain structure in sputtered beryllium films deposited on fused silica substrates. Beryllium is brittle, and fractures in sputtered beryllium films tend to be intergranular; therefore, a convenient technique to analyze grain structure in these films is to fracture the coated specimens and examine them in an SEM. However, fine structure in sputtered deposits is difficult to image in an SEM, and both the low density and the low secondary electron emission coefficient of beryllium seriously compound this problem. Secondary electron emission can be improved by coating beryllium with Au or Au-Pd, and coating also was required to overcome severe charging of the fused silica substrate even at low voltage. The coating structure can obliterate much of the fine structure in beryllium films, but reasonable results were obtained by using the high-resolution capability of an Hitachi S-800 SEM and either ion-beam coating with Au-Pd or carbon coating by thermal evaporation.

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