Direct measurement of transient macroscopic volume change induced by generation of electron‐hole pairs in GaP and GaAs

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinobu Sugiyama ◽  
Katsumi Tanimura ◽  
Noriaki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Macroscopic Volume

Direct measurement of local volume change in ion-irradiated and annealed SiC

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 123525 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Tae Bae ◽  
William J. Weber ◽  
Yanwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Local Volume

scholarly journals Hole-Induced Electron Transport through Core−Shell Quantum Dots: A Direct Measurement of the Electron−Hole Interaction

Nano Letters ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Swart ◽  
Zhixiang Sun ◽  
Daniël Vanmaekelbergh ◽  
Peter Liljeroth
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Hole Interaction

scholarly journals Macroscopic Volume Change of Dynamic Hydrogels Induced by Reversible DNA Hybridization

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (29) ◽  
pp. 12302-12307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Peng ◽  
Mingxu You ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Cuichen Wu ◽  
Da Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Macroscopic Volume

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Automatic Registration-Based Algorithm for Direct Measurement of Volume Change in Tumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saradwata Sarkar ◽  
Timothy D. Johnson ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
Thomas L. Chenevert ◽  
Peyton H. Bland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Automatic Registration

An Evaluation of Tympanometric Estimates of Ear Canal Volume

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Shanks ◽  
David J. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Volume Changes

The accuracy of tympanometric estimates of ear canal volume was evaluated by testing the following two assumptions on which the procedure is based: (a) ear canal volume does not change when ear canal pressure is varied, and (b) an ear canal pressure of 200 daPa drives the impedance of the middle ear transmission system to infinity so the immittance measured at 200 daPa can be attributed to the ear canal volume alone. The first assumption was tested by measuring the changes in ear canal volune in eight normal subjects for ear canal pressures between ±400 daPa using a manometric procedure based on Boyle's gas law. The data did not support the first assumption. Ear canal volume changed by a mean of .113 ml over the ±400 daPa pressure range with slightly larger volume changes occurring for negative ear canal pressures than for positive ear canal pressures. Most of the volume change was attributed to movement of the probe and to movement of the cartilaginous walls of the ear canal. The second assumption was tested by comparing estimates of ear canal volume from susceptance tympanograms with a direct measurement of ear canal volume adjusted for changes in volume due to changes in ear canal pressure between +±400 daPa. These data failed to support the second assumption. All tympanometric estimates of ear canal volume were larger than the measured volumes. The largest error (39%) occurred for an ear canal pressure of 200 daPa at 220 Hz, whereas the smallest error (10%) occurred for an ear canal pressure of ±400 daPa at 660 Hz. This latter susceptance value (-400 daPa at 660 Hz) divided lay three is suggested to correct the 220-Hz tympanogram to the plane of the tympanic membrane. Finally, the effects of errors in estimating ear canal volume on static immittance and on tympanometry are discussed.

Artifacts caused by dehydration and epoxy embedding in TEM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Resin Impregnation ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Tissue Shrinkage

Various means have been devised to preserve biological specimens for electron microscopy, the most common being chemical fixation followed by dehydration and resin impregnation. It is intuitive, and has been amply demonstrated, that these manipulations lead to aberrations of many tissue elements. This report deals with three parts of this problem: specimen dehydration, epoxy embedding resins, and electron beam-specimen interactions. However, because of limited space, only a few points can be summarized.Dehydration: Tissue damage, or at least some molecular transitions within the tissue, must occur during passage of a cell or tissue to a nonaqueous state. Most obvious, perhaps, is a loss of lipid, both that which is in the form of storage vesicles and that associated with tissue elements, particularly membranes. Loss of water during dehydration may also lead to tissue shrinkage of 5-70% (volume change) depending on the tissue and dehydrating agent.

Current Status of Solid-State X-Ray Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Martin Peckerar ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Charge ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Solid state x-ray sensing systems have been used for many years in conjunction with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Such systems conveniently provide users with elemental area maps and quantitative chemical analyses of samples. Improvements on these tools are currently sought in the following areas: sensitivity at longer and shorter x-ray wavelengths and minimization of noise-broadening of spectral lines. In this paper, we review basic limitations and recent advances in each of these areas. Throughout the review, we emphasize the systems nature of the problem. That is. limitations exist not only in the sensor elements but also in the preamplifier/amplifier chain and in the interfaces between these components.Solid state x-ray sensors usually function by way of incident photons creating electron-hole pairs in semiconductor material. This radiation-produced mobile charge is swept into external circuitry by electric fields in the semiconductor bulk.

A correlation of CL emissions from Penrith sandstone with elemental distributions obtained by simultaneous SEM-CL and EDS analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Paul J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Most industrial and academic geologists are familiar with the beautiful red and orange cathodoluminescence colours produced by carbonate minerals in an optical microscope with a cold cathode electron gun attached. The cement stratigraphies interpreted from colour photographs have been widely used to determine the post depositional processes which have modified sedimentary rock textures.However to study quartzose materials high electron densities and kV's are necessary to stimulate sufficient emission. A scanning electron microscope with an optical collection system and monochromator provides an adequate tool and gives the advantage of providing secondary and backscattered electron imaging as well as elemental analysis and distribution mapping via standard EDS/WDS facilities.It has been known that the incorporation of many elements modify the characteristics of the CL emissions from geological materials. They do this by taking up positions between the valence and conduction band thus providing sites to assist in the recombination of electron hole pairs.

On-line image readout in CTEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
W. D. Rau ◽  
R. Sikeler
Keyword(s):  
Primary Electron ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
On Line ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Optical Transfer ◽  
Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Technical Solutions

Quantitative recording of electron patterns and their rapid conversion into digital information is an outstanding goal which the photoplate fails to solve satisfactorily. For a long time, LLL-TV cameras have been used for EM adjustment but due to their inferior pixel number they were never a real alternative to the photoplate. This situation has changed with the availability of scientific grade slow-scan charged coupled devices (CCD) with pixel numbers exceeding 106, photometric accuracy and, by Peltier cooling, both excellent storage and noise figures previously inaccessible in image detection technology. Again the electron image is converted into a photon image fed to the CCD by some light optical transfer link. Subsequently, some technical solutions are discussed using the detection quantum efficiency (DQE), resolution, pixel number and exposure range as figures of merit.A key quantity is the number of electron-hole pairs released in the CCD sensor by a single primary electron (PE) which can be estimated from the energy deposit ΔE in the scintillator,

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